Question 1

Catecholamines are synthesized by the

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal gland. 
B) anterior pituitary gland. 
C) skeletal muscle. 
D) Schwann cells. 
E) hypothalamus. 
A) adrenal gland. 
B) anterior pituitary gland. 
C) skeletal muscle. 
D) Schwann cells. 
E) hypothalamus. A

Question 2

Which of the following are phagocytic glial cells that fight infection and remove debris?

Accepted Answer

A) microglia 
B) oligodendrocytes 
C) Schwann cells 
D) myelin sheath cells 
E) astrocytes 
A) microglia 
B) oligodendrocytes 
C) Schwann cells 
D) myelin sheath cells 
E) astrocytes A

Question 3

Each of the following is a correct relationship between action potential phase and channel status except

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization; Na+ channels open. 
B) repolarizing phase; Na+ channels closed. 
C) repolarizing phase; K+ channels open. 
D) hyperpolarizing phase; Na+ channels open. 
E) hyperpolarizing phase; K+ channels open. 
A) depolarization; Na+ channels open. 
B) repolarizing phase; Na+ channels closed. 
C) repolarizing phase; K+ channels open. 
D) hyperpolarizing phase; Na+ channels open. 
E) hyperpolarizing phase; K+ channels open. D

Question 4

Influx of ________ ions initiates neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft by the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Influx of ________ ions initiates neurotransmitter release...

Question 5

The maximum membrane potential that an ion gradient can produce is the

Accepted Answer

A) action potential. 
B) membrane potential. 
C) equilibrium potential. 
D) threshold potential. 
E) resting potential. 
A) action potential. 
B) membrane potential. 
C) equilibrium potential. 
D) threshold potential. 
E) resting potential.

Question 6

You are examining an organism recently found on Mars and are currently trying to identify one of its neurotransmitters.Biochemical characterization indicates that it is a derivative of the amino acid tyrosine,so you classify the novel neurotransmitter as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine analogue. 
B) catecholamine. 
C) neuropeptide. 
D) serotonin analogue. 
E) GABA analogue. 
A) acetylcholine analogue. 
B) catecholamine. 
C) neuropeptide. 
D) serotonin analogue. 
E) GABA analogue.

Question 7

The axon branches of a typical neuron terminate at structures called

Accepted Answer

A) synapses. 
B) boutons. 
C) glia. 
D) nodes of Ranvier. 
E) the myelin sheath. 
A) synapses. 
B) boutons. 
C) glia. 
D) nodes of Ranvier. 
E) the myelin sheath.

Question 8

The technique that can be used to record ion currents passing through individual channels is known as

Accepted Answer

A) voltage-gating. 
B) ligand-gating. 
C) patch-clamping. 
D) ion sensors. 
E) optogenetics. 
A) voltage-gating. 
B) ligand-gating. 
C) patch-clamping. 
D) ion sensors. 
E) optogenetics.

Question 9

-Based on the graph,how soon could another action potential be easily initiated (at the end of the relative refractory period)after the first stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) less than 0.5 msec 
B) 1 msec 
C) 2 msec 
D) 3 msec 
E) 4 msec 
A) less than 0.5 msec 
B) 1 msec 
C) 2 msec 
D) 3 msec 
E) 4 msec

Question 10

Describe the docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles with the cell membrane.Describe the mechanisms by which tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin interfere with this process.

Accepted Answer

When an action potential reaches a synap

Question 11

Each of the following statements about action potentials is true except

Accepted Answer

A) action potentials are propagated along a dendrite. 
B) action potentials require rapid changes in membrane potential. 
C) due to ion leaking,membranes may undergo subthreshold depolarization,which is insufficient to produce an action potential. 
D) action potentials end with a transient hyperpolarization. 
E) the action potential cycle has a refractory period. 
A) action potentials are propagated along a dendrite. 
B) action potentials require rapid changes in membrane potential. 
C) due to ion leaking,membranes may undergo subthreshold depolarization,which is insufficient to produce an action potential. 
D) action potentials end with a transient hyperpolarization. 
E) the action potential cycle has a refractory period.

Question 12

A mammalian neuromuscular junction endplate region at rest has the following concentrations of sodium and potassium: [K+]in = 140 mM,[K+]out = 5 mM,[Na+]in = 10 mM,[Na+]out = 145 mM,[Cl-]in = 10 mM,and [Cl-]out = 125 mM.What is the membrane potential of this endplate region (at 37°C)?

Accepted Answer

The Goldman equation yields th

Question 13

The phase at the end of an action potential when the membrane potential becomes more negative than it is at rest is the ________ phase.

Accepted Answer

A) threshold 
B) depolarizing 
C) repolarizing 
D) hyperpolarizing 
E) refractory 
A) threshold 
B) depolarizing 
C) repolarizing 
D) hyperpolarizing 
E) refractory

Question 14

________ receptors,which act in a(n)________ manner,act more slowly than ionotropic receptors.

Accepted Answer

Metabotrop

Question 15

-Which point on the graph represents the threshold potential?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 16

-If myelin was lost from the neuron firing the action potential graphed,the action potential cycle would

Accepted Answer

A) go much faster than depicted in the graph. 
B) go much faster than normal but not peak at 30 mV. 
C) go slower than depicted in the graph. 
D) go much slower than normal but peak much higher than 30 mV. 
E) remain the same. 
A) go much faster than depicted in the graph. 
B) go much faster than normal but not peak at 30 mV. 
C) go slower than depicted in the graph. 
D) go much slower than normal but peak much higher than 30 mV. 
E) remain the same.

Question 17

Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic nerve terminal

Accepted Answer

A) decreases the chance that an action potential will be initiated. 
B) increases the chance that an action potential will be initiated. 
C) has no effect on the initiation of an action potential. 
D) is stimulated by an influx of calcium ions. 
E) sensitizes receptors to activation by lower levels of neurotransmitter. 
A) decreases the chance that an action potential will be initiated. 
B) increases the chance that an action potential will be initiated. 
C) has no effect on the initiation of an action potential. 
D) is stimulated by an influx of calcium ions. 
E) sensitizes receptors to activation by lower levels of neurotransmitter.

Question 18

Leak channels make a neuronal membrane at steady state approximately ________ permeable to K+ than to Na+.

Accepted Answer

A) half as 
B) equally 
C) twice as 
D) 10 times more 
E) 100 times more 
A) half as 
B) equally 
C) twice as 
D) 10 times more 
E) 100 times more

Question 19

The ________ receptor is a ligand-gated channel that transports chloride ions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ receptor is a ligand-gated channel...

Question 20

Each of the following statements is true about the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor except

Accepted Answer

A) the actions of acetylcholine can be mimicked by nicotine. 
B) it binds one molecule of acetylcholine for activity. 
C) the open channel allows an influx of sodium ions. 
D) biochemical purification was aided by the use of cobratoxin. 
E) it is made up of five large subunits. 
A) the actions of acetylcholine can be mimicked by nicotine. 
B) it binds one molecule of acetylcholine for activity. 
C) the open channel allows an influx of sodium ions. 
D) biochemical purification was aided by the use of cobratoxin. 
E) it is made up of five large subunits.

Exam 22: Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Catecholamines are synthesized by the

Which of the following are phagocytic glial cells that fight infection and remove debris?

Each of the following is a correct relationship between action potential phase and channel status except

Influx of ________ ions initiates neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft by the process of ________.

The maximum membrane potential that an ion gradient can produce is the

You are examining an organism recently found on Mars and are currently trying to identify one of its neurotransmitters.Biochemical characterization indicates that it is a derivative of the amino acid tyrosine,so you classify the novel neurotransmitter as a(n)

The axon branches of a typical neuron terminate at structures called

The technique that can be used to record ion currents passing through individual channels is known as

-Based on the graph,how soon could another action potential be easily initiated (at the end of the relative refractory period)after the first stimulus?

Describe the docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles with the cell membrane.Describe the mechanisms by which tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin interfere with this process.

Each of the following statements about action potentials is true except

A mammalian neuromuscular junction endplate region at rest has the following concentrations of sodium and potassium: [K+]in = 140 mM,[K+]out = 5 mM,[Na+]in = 10 mM,[Na+]out = 145 mM,[Cl-]in = 10 mM,and [Cl-]out = 125 mM.What is the membrane potential of this endplate region (at 37°C)?

The phase at the end of an action potential when the membrane potential becomes more negative than it is at rest is the ________ phase.

________ receptors,which act in a(n)________ manner,act more slowly than ionotropic receptors.

-Which point on the graph represents the threshold potential?

-If myelin was lost from the neuron firing the action potential graphed,the action potential cycle would

Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic nerve terminal

Leak channels make a neuronal membrane at steady state approximately ________ permeable to K+ than to Na+.

The ________ receptor is a ligand-gated channel that transports chloride ions.

Each of the following statements is true about the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor except

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

Filters

Influx of ions initiates neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft by the process of .

receptors,which act in a(n) manner,act more slowly than ionotropic receptors.

Leak channels make a neuronal membrane at steady state approximately ________ permeable to K⁺ than to Na⁺.