Exam 22: Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

While characterizing the activities of several neurons,you find a neuron with the following properties: (1)When stimulated,the neuron fails to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. (2)Microinjection of calcium ions calcium ions has no effect on the neuron.(In other neurons such microinjection stimulates the t-SNARE and v-SNARE complex interaction that promotes neurotransmitter secretion.) The abnormality in this neuron is most likely associated with the function of

Although they are smaller than K⁺,Na⁺ ions fail to pass through K⁺ channels because Na⁺

The intracellular stimulus for secretion of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is an increase in

What happens to neurons in the approach known as optogenetics?

Tricyclic antidepressants,such as imipramine hydrochloride,have been prescribed for treatment of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)to enhance neural circuit activity because they affect the reuptake of excitatory neurotransmitters.Predict the effect of such drugs on the postsynaptic neuron and explain your rationale.

A nerve cell ________ involves a temporary depolarization and repolarization of the cell membrane.

________ is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies that bind to and block acetylcholine receptors.

Each of the following is a voltage-gated Na⁺ channel property except

-The parts of the graph indicated between points C and E represent

________ carry a signal across the synapse between two adjacent nerve cells.

The resting potential of a particular nerve cell is −66 mV.Depolarization of the neuron membrane will shift the membrane potential to

How many neuronal connections are there in the human brain?

Which of the following interferes with the reuptake of neurotransmitters?

Which neurotransmitter is not an amino acid derivative?

Which of the following is a disease specifically caused by an autoimmune response against acetylcholine receptors?

You have added a specific amount of excitatory neurotransmitter mixed with a 6× higher concentration of an inhibitory neurotransmitter to a synaptic cleft.You expect that the postsynaptic neuron will

A drug that specifically inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels would most directly inhibit

Synaptic vesicles are synthesized in the nerve ________.

Each of the following contributes to the unidirectional propagation of nerve signals except

An example of a generally inhibitory neurotransmitter is