Question 1

In the first step of glycolysis,glucose can be phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate,because

Accepted Answer

A) a phosphoanhydride bond has higher energy of hydrolysis than is required for formation of a phosphoester bond. 
B) transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glucose is endergonic. 
C) the reaction does not require an enzyme. 
D) the reaction is highly reversible. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) a phosphoanhydride bond has higher energy of hydrolysis than is required for formation of a phosphoester bond. 
B) transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glucose is endergonic. 
C) the reaction does not require an enzyme. 
D) the reaction is highly reversible. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 2

The ________ links lactate produced by fermentation in muscle cells with gluconeogenesis in liver cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ links lactate produced by fermentation...

Question 3

Oxidation reactions in biological systems generally involve

Accepted Answer

A) addition of electrons and hydrogen ions. 
B) loss of electrons and hydrogen ions. 
C) addition of electrons and loss of hydrogen ions. 
D) loss of electrons and addition of hydrogen ions. 
E) loss of electrons and either addition or loss of hydrogen ions. 
A) addition of electrons and hydrogen ions. 
B) loss of electrons and hydrogen ions. 
C) addition of electrons and loss of hydrogen ions. 
D) loss of electrons and addition of hydrogen ions. 
E) loss of electrons and either addition or loss of hydrogen ions.

Question 4

________ is the enzyme that hydrolyzes ________ in dairy products into glucose and galactose.Absence of the enzyme may cause cramps and diarrhea in a condition called ________.

Accepted Answer

Lactase; l

Question 5

Aldolase breaks down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two trioses that are

Accepted Answer

A) identical. 
B) each doubly phosphorylated. 
C) identical and each doubly phosphorylated. 
D) different and each doubly phosphorylated. 
E) different and each singly phosphorylated. 
A) identical. 
B) each doubly phosphorylated. 
C) identical and each doubly phosphorylated. 
D) different and each doubly phosphorylated. 
E) different and each singly phosphorylated.

Question 6

The loss of a(n)________ increases entropy during hydrolysis of ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The loss of a(n)________ increases entropy during...

Question 7

During glycolysis,aldolase catalyzes the breakdown of fructose-1,6 bisphosphate to produce

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoenolpyruvate. 
B) dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 
C) fructose-6-phosphate. 
D) A and B. 
E) B and C. 
A) phosphoenolpyruvate. 
B) dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 
C) fructose-6-phosphate. 
D) A and B. 
E) B and C.

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH is used to directly create the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP. 
B) NAD+ accepts electrons. 
C) NADH accepts electrons during fermentation. 
D) NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) NADH is used to directly create the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP. 
B) NAD+ accepts electrons. 
C) NADH accepts electrons during fermentation. 
D) NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 9

Although pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and no more ATP is generated by fermentation of pyruvate to ethanol,yeast produce ethanol under anaerobic conditions because

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate export requires more energy than ethanol export. 
B) electrons (and protons)are then added to ethanol to make lactate. 
C) transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate to make ethanol regenerates NAD+,which is necessary for new rounds of glycolysis to proceed. 
D) glycolysis substrate-level phosphorylation changes pyruvate to ethanol. 
E) pyruvate to ethanol fermentation decreases deleterious CO2 levels. 
A) pyruvate export requires more energy than ethanol export. 
B) electrons (and protons)are then added to ethanol to make lactate. 
C) transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate to make ethanol regenerates NAD+,which is necessary for new rounds of glycolysis to proceed. 
D) glycolysis substrate-level phosphorylation changes pyruvate to ethanol. 
E) pyruvate to ethanol fermentation decreases deleterious CO2 levels.

Question 10

Consider the three phases of glycolysis: 
(1)preparation and cleavage (Gly-1 to Gly-5)
(2)oxidation (Gly-6 to Gly-7)
(3)pyruvate formation (Gly-8 to Gly-10)
Which of these phases produces ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 1 and 2 
E) 2 and 3 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 1 and 2 
E) 2 and 3

Question 11

________ is the most common coenzyme involved in energy metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the most common coenzyme involved...

Question 12

Glycolysis is a ________-step reaction sequence that converts glucose into ________ and generates a net total of ________ ATPs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glycolysis is a ________-step reaction sequence that...

Question 13

A temporary oxygen deficit during strenuous exercise causes a muscle to

Accepted Answer

A) synthesize muscle proteins in response to steroid hormone stimulation. 
B) synthesize glycogen. 
C) ferment pyruvate to lactate. 
D) switch to aerobic glycolysis. 
E) synthesize more NAD+. 
A) synthesize muscle proteins in response to steroid hormone stimulation. 
B) synthesize glycogen. 
C) ferment pyruvate to lactate. 
D) switch to aerobic glycolysis. 
E) synthesize more NAD+.

Question 14

________ organisms can function in an aerobic or anaerobic environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ organisms can function in an aerobic...

Question 15

Each of the following is a substrate for glycolysis except

Accepted Answer

A) galactose. 
B) mannose. 
C) lactose. 
D) fructose. 
E) All are substrates for glycolysis. 
A) galactose. 
B) mannose. 
C) lactose. 
D) fructose. 
E) All are substrates for glycolysis.

Question 16

A phosphoanhydride bond

Accepted Answer

A) is a high-energy bond. 
B) has a standard free energy of hydrolysis of −7.3 kcal/mol. 
C) is broken by hydrolysis. 
D) links two phosphate groups. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) is a high-energy bond. 
B) has a standard free energy of hydrolysis of −7.3 kcal/mol. 
C) is broken by hydrolysis. 
D) links two phosphate groups. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 17

During the process of glycolysis,which of the following substrates donates electrons to NAD+ and adds Pi to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

Accepted Answer

A) 3-phosphoglycerate 
B) 2-phosphoglycerate 
C) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
D) glucose 
E) glucose-6-phosphate 
A) 3-phosphoglycerate 
B) 2-phosphoglycerate 
C) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
D) glucose 
E) glucose-6-phosphate

Question 18

Glycolytic enzymes are known to function in each of the following processes except

Accepted Answer

A) transcriptional regulation. 
B) gluconeogenesis. 
C) apoptosis regulation. 
D) oxygen reduction to form water. 
E) coordination of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. 
A) transcriptional regulation. 
B) gluconeogenesis. 
C) apoptosis regulation. 
D) oxygen reduction to form water. 
E) coordination of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration.

Question 19

The ATP "high-energy" or "energy-rich" bonds are which of the following types of bond?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoester 
B) phosphoanhydride 
C) hydrogen 
D) ionic 
E) monophosphate 
A) phosphoester 
B) phosphoanhydride 
C) hydrogen 
D) ionic 
E) monophosphate

Question 20

Reduction is the addition of ________,which usually is accompanied by addition of protons in a process called ________ in biological systems.

Accepted Answer

electrons;

Exam 9: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

In the first step of glycolysis,glucose can be phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate,because

The ________ links lactate produced by fermentation in muscle cells with gluconeogenesis in liver cells.

Oxidation reactions in biological systems generally involve

________ is the enzyme that hydrolyzes ________ in dairy products into glucose and galactose.Absence of the enzyme may cause cramps and diarrhea in a condition called ________.

Aldolase breaks down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two trioses that are

The loss of a(n)________ increases entropy during hydrolysis of ATP.

During glycolysis,aldolase catalyzes the breakdown of fructose-1,6 bisphosphate to produce

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis?

Although pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and no more ATP is generated by fermentation of pyruvate to ethanol,yeast produce ethanol under anaerobic conditions because

Consider the three phases of glycolysis: (1)preparation and cleavage (Gly-1 to Gly-5) (2)oxidation (Gly-6 to Gly-7) (3)pyruvate formation (Gly-8 to Gly-10) Which of these phases produces ATP?

________ is the most common coenzyme involved in energy metabolism.

Glycolysis is a ________-step reaction sequence that converts glucose into ________ and generates a net total of ________ ATPs.

A temporary oxygen deficit during strenuous exercise causes a muscle to

________ organisms can function in an aerobic or anaerobic environment.

Each of the following is a substrate for glycolysis except

A phosphoanhydride bond

During the process of glycolysis,which of the following substrates donates electrons to NAD+ and adds Pi to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

Glycolytic enzymes are known to function in each of the following processes except

The ATP "high-energy" or "energy-rich" bonds are which of the following types of bond?

Reduction is the addition of ________,which usually is accompanied by addition of protons in a process called ________ in biological systems.

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

Filters

is the enzyme that hydrolyzes in dairy products into glucose and galactose.Absence of the enzyme may cause cramps and diarrhea in a condition called .

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD⁺/NADH in glycolysis?

Glycolysis is a -step reaction sequence that converts glucose into and generates a net total of ATPs.

During the process of glycolysis,which of the following substrates donates electrons to NAD⁺ and adds P_i to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

Reduction is the addition of ,which usually is accompanied by addition of protons in a process called in biological systems.