Question 1

You wish to use mRNA profiles to examine gene expression in cells during times of stress.You are investigating the cell's

Accepted Answer

A) spliceosome. 
B) genome. 
C) proteome. 
D) transcriptome. 
E) BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool). 
A) spliceosome. 
B) genome. 
C) proteome. 
D) transcriptome. 
E) BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool).

Question 2

What is gene therapy and why hasn't it been successfully developed for the treatment or cure of human genetic diseases to date? What new technique may help advance gene therapy in the future?

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy is the stable introduction

Question 3

________ is the application of recombinant DNA technology to practical problems in areas such as medicine,energy production,waste reclamation,and agriculture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the application of recombinant DNA...

Question 4

The societal challenges created by next-generation sequencing are related to

Accepted Answer

A) ethical questions of confidentiality and estimation of disease risk for individuals. 
B) the high cost of sequencing. 
C) the creation of genetically engineered babies. 
D) reliable data storage and analysis. 
E) ethical questions of confidentiality,estimation of disease risk for individuals,and reliable data storage and analysis. 
A) ethical questions of confidentiality and estimation of disease risk for individuals. 
B) the high cost of sequencing. 
C) the creation of genetically engineered babies. 
D) reliable data storage and analysis. 
E) ethical questions of confidentiality,estimation of disease risk for individuals,and reliable data storage and analysis.

Question 5

________ is the combination of computer science and biology to study genomes,transcriptomes,and proteomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the combination of computer science...

Question 6

Genome size in eukaryotic organisms

Accepted Answer

A) varies by many orders of magnitude. 
B) is directly related to the total number of genes in an organism. 
C) is dependent on the complexity of the organism. 
D) varies two- to threefold,depending on whether the organism is unicellular or multicellular. 
E) is generally 10 times greater than prokaryotic organisms. 
A) varies by many orders of magnitude. 
B) is directly related to the total number of genes in an organism. 
C) is dependent on the complexity of the organism. 
D) varies two- to threefold,depending on whether the organism is unicellular or multicellular. 
E) is generally 10 times greater than prokaryotic organisms.

Question 7

Which of the following techniques separates proteins based only on their size?

Accepted Answer

A) SDS-PAGE (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) 
B) mass spectrometry 
C) ion-exchange chromatography 
D) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
E) SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry 
A) SDS-PAGE (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) 
B) mass spectrometry 
C) ion-exchange chromatography 
D) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
E) SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry

Question 8

________ is the process of generating many copies of a specific DNA fragment.

Accepted Answer

DNA clonin

Question 9

________ involve sequencing thousands of individual people in order to correlate specific genetic mutations in multiple genetic loci to the risk of specific diseases.

Accepted Answer

Genome-wid

Question 10

DNA extracted from hair,blood,or other bodily fluids and tissues from a crime scene can be used as evidence in a criminal case.What features of human DNA are typically used to "match" DNA found at a crime scene with the DNA of an individual?

Accepted Answer

A) restriction fragment length polymorphisms created by digestion with one restriction endonuclease 
B) variability in the number of short tandem repeats at 13 sites within the human genome 
C) the complete sequence of the human genome 
D) single nucleotide polymorphisms 
E) single nucleotide polymorphisms that cause restriction fragment length polymorphisms 
A) restriction fragment length polymorphisms created by digestion with one restriction endonuclease 
B) variability in the number of short tandem repeats at 13 sites within the human genome 
C) the complete sequence of the human genome 
D) single nucleotide polymorphisms 
E) single nucleotide polymorphisms that cause restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Question 11

Point mutations in the human genome that result in addition or deletion of a recognition site for a restriction endonuclease can most easily be detected by

Accepted Answer

A) RNAseq analysis. 
B) Northern blot analysis. 
C) Southern blot analysis. 
D) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. 
E) restriction fragment length polymorphism and Southern blot analysis. 
A) RNAseq analysis. 
B) Northern blot analysis. 
C) Southern blot analysis. 
D) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. 
E) restriction fragment length polymorphism and Southern blot analysis.

Question 12

Which of the following can be used as a cloning vector in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

A) a plasmid 
B) DNA of a bacteriophage 
C) an artificial chromosome 
D) a Y chromosome 
E) a plasmid,DNA of a bacteriophage,or an artificial chromosome 
A) a plasmid 
B) DNA of a bacteriophage 
C) an artificial chromosome 
D) a Y chromosome 
E) a plasmid,DNA of a bacteriophage,or an artificial chromosome

Question 13

You have discovered a gene that appears to be crucial to the development of the nervous system in C.elegans.However,you have been unsuccessful in creating embryos in which this gene is knocked out.How might you study the function of this gene in C.elegans without creating a "knockout" mutant?

Accepted Answer

A) CRISPR/Cas targeted gene disruption 
B) RNAi gene knockdown 
C) transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)targeted gene disruption 
D) next-generation sequencing. 
E) restriction endonuclease mapping. 
A) CRISPR/Cas targeted gene disruption 
B) RNAi gene knockdown 
C) transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)targeted gene disruption 
D) next-generation sequencing. 
E) restriction endonuclease mapping.

Question 14

In the Sanger,or chain termination,method of DNA sequencing,incorporation of the nucleotides stops because

Accepted Answer

A) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 3ʹ-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
B) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 5ʹ-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
C) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 2ʹ-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
D) the mixture is heated to 92°C to stop DNA synthesis at specific time intervals. 
E) the dideoxynucleotide analogs are in greater concentration than the actual nucleotides. 
A) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 3ʹ-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
B) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 5ʹ-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
C) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 2ʹ-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
D) the mixture is heated to 92°C to stop DNA synthesis at specific time intervals. 
E) the dideoxynucleotide analogs are in greater concentration than the actual nucleotides.

Question 15

Bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes are useful tools in molecular biology because

Accepted Answer

A) they can be used to directly infect human cells and thus treat genetic diseases. 
B) they are easy to genetically modify and insert into many different organisms. 
C) they can replace the natural chromosomes found in bacteria and yeast. 
D) they can carry large DNA fragments (>30,000 bp)such as large eukaryotic genes. 
E) they are easy to genetically modify and insert into many different organisms,including the direct infection of human cells for the treatment of genetic diseases. 
A) they can be used to directly infect human cells and thus treat genetic diseases. 
B) they are easy to genetically modify and insert into many different organisms. 
C) they can replace the natural chromosomes found in bacteria and yeast. 
D) they can carry large DNA fragments (>30,000 bp)such as large eukaryotic genes. 
E) they are easy to genetically modify and insert into many different organisms,including the direct infection of human cells for the treatment of genetic diseases.

Question 16

The use of recombinant DNA technology to treat genetic diseases ("gene therapy")has been held back by difficulty

Accepted Answer

A) delivering cloned genes into target cells and getting the genes to function properly. 
B) in obtaining the appropriate sequence information from individual people. 
C) cloning human genes. 
D) in identifying human genes that cause disease. 
E) cloning and identifying human genes that cause disease. 
A) delivering cloned genes into target cells and getting the genes to function properly. 
B) in obtaining the appropriate sequence information from individual people. 
C) cloning human genes. 
D) in identifying human genes that cause disease. 
E) cloning and identifying human genes that cause disease.

Question 17

Whole genome or shotgun sequencing requires

Accepted Answer

A) the creation of a cDNA library. 
B) the creation of overlapping DNA fragments whose sequences can be aligned into large contiguous fragments (contigs)using computer algorithms. 
C) large contiguous fragments (contigs)cloned into yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)in an ordered fashion. 
D) very large amounts of DNA from the organism whose genome is being sequenced. 
E) the use of a gene gun to propel DNA-coated particles at high velocities into cells. 
A) the creation of a cDNA library. 
B) the creation of overlapping DNA fragments whose sequences can be aligned into large contiguous fragments (contigs)using computer algorithms. 
C) large contiguous fragments (contigs)cloned into yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)in an ordered fashion. 
D) very large amounts of DNA from the organism whose genome is being sequenced. 
E) the use of a gene gun to propel DNA-coated particles at high velocities into cells.

Question 18

Antibiotic resistance genes are often included on plasmid vectors because

Accepted Answer

A) antibiotic resistance is used to select for bacteria cells containing the vector. 
B) antibiotic resistance can be used to control the growth of the genetically modified organism. 
C) antibiotics are often present in humans being treated for disease. 
D) only bacteria are affected by antibiotics. 
E) antibiotic resistance genes can be used as transcriptional reporters. 
A) antibiotic resistance is used to select for bacteria cells containing the vector. 
B) antibiotic resistance can be used to control the growth of the genetically modified organism. 
C) antibiotics are often present in humans being treated for disease. 
D) only bacteria are affected by antibiotics. 
E) antibiotic resistance genes can be used as transcriptional reporters.

Question 19

Analyzing the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously can be accomplished using which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) siRNAs 
B) Northern blotting 
C) DNA microarrays 
D) RNAseq 
E) DNA microarrays and RNAseq 
A) siRNAs 
B) Northern blotting 
C) DNA microarrays 
D) RNAseq 
E) DNA microarrays and RNAseq

Question 20

You have determined the base sequence for a gene from Felis catus (domestic cat)that you believe may be involved in feline leukemia.A BLASTn search results in nucleotide sequence matches from viruses,not mammals,although the similarity is low.What other bioinformatic tools or techniques could you use to investigate the function of this gene? Why would these tools or techniques be more convincing than a BLASTn search? Hypothesize why you think this result might be correct or incorrect.

Accepted Answer

Another bioinformatics technique that co

Exam 21: Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

You wish to use mRNA profiles to examine gene expression in cells during times of stress.You are investigating the cell's

What is gene therapy and why hasn't it been successfully developed for the treatment or cure of human genetic diseases to date? What new technique may help advance gene therapy in the future?

________ is the application of recombinant DNA technology to practical problems in areas such as medicine,energy production,waste reclamation,and agriculture.

The societal challenges created by next-generation sequencing are related to

________ is the combination of computer science and biology to study genomes,transcriptomes,and proteomes.

Genome size in eukaryotic organisms

Which of the following techniques separates proteins based only on their size?

________ is the process of generating many copies of a specific DNA fragment.

________ involve sequencing thousands of individual people in order to correlate specific genetic mutations in multiple genetic loci to the risk of specific diseases.

DNA extracted from hair,blood,or other bodily fluids and tissues from a crime scene can be used as evidence in a criminal case.What features of human DNA are typically used to "match" DNA found at a crime scene with the DNA of an individual?

Point mutations in the human genome that result in addition or deletion of a recognition site for a restriction endonuclease can most easily be detected by

Which of the following can be used as a cloning vector in molecular biology?

You have discovered a gene that appears to be crucial to the development of the nervous system in C.elegans.However,you have been unsuccessful in creating embryos in which this gene is knocked out.How might you study the function of this gene in C.elegans without creating a "knockout" mutant?

In the Sanger,or chain termination,method of DNA sequencing,incorporation of the nucleotides stops because

Bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes are useful tools in molecular biology because

The use of recombinant DNA technology to treat genetic diseases ("gene therapy")has been held back by difficulty

Whole genome or shotgun sequencing requires

Antibiotic resistance genes are often included on plasmid vectors because

Analyzing the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously can be accomplished using which of the following techniques?

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

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