Question 1

Coaches often try to make their athletes believe they have the talent to succeed. What self-related concept are the coaches trying to improve?

Accepted Answer

A)  the feared self 
B)  self-references 
C)  self-discrepancies 
D)  self-efficacy 
A)  the feared self 
B)  self-references 
C)  self-discrepancies 
D)  self-efficacy

Question 2

Katie is anxious. There is likely a discrepancy between her ________ self and her ________ self.

Accepted Answer

A)  ideal; ought 
B)  relational; real 
C)  real; ideal 
D)  ought; real 
A)  ideal; ought 
B)  relational; real 
C)  real; ideal 
D)  ought; real

Question 3

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term.
-Relational self

Accepted Answer

A) Your view of what you should do 
B) Your view of self that is outside your conscious awareness 
C) Our ideas about ourselves organized into a coherent system 
D) A continuously changing self based on the people you are with and the environmental circumstances you are in 
E) Acting in a way that is in accordance with your personality traits
F)Our ideas about our characteristics and capabilities
G)Your overall opinion about whether you are good or bad
H)The images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be
I)The self-schema based on past experiences that direct how we relate to one another
J)Your views about what you could be doing 
A) Your view of what you should do 
B) Your view of self that is outside your conscious awareness 
C) Our ideas about ourselves organized into a coherent system 
D) A continuously changing self based on the people you are with and the environmental circumstances you are in 
E) Acting in a way that is in accordance with your personality traits
F)Our ideas about our characteristics and capabilities
G)Your overall opinion about whether you are good or bad
H)The images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be
I)The self-schema based on past experiences that direct how we relate to one another
J)Your views about what you could be doing

Question 4

________ is the basis behind the idea that our opinions about our capabilities set the limits of what we will attempt.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-esteem 
B)  Self-schema 
C)  Self-efficacy 
D)  Self-reference 
A)  Self-esteem 
B)  Self-schema 
C)  Self-efficacy 
D)  Self-reference

Question 5

A study in China showed that information about one's ________ is remembered as well as information about the self.

Accepted Answer

A)  coworkers 
B)  enemies 
C)  mother and father 
D)  romantic partners 
A)  coworkers 
B)  enemies 
C)  mother and father 
D)  romantic partners

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a motivating need someone has when reporting their desired future selves?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem 
B)  competence 
C)  meaning 
D)  discipline 
A)  self-esteem 
B)  competence 
C)  meaning 
D)  discipline

Question 7

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term.
-Self-schema

Accepted Answer

A) Your view of what you should do 
B) Your view of self that is outside your conscious awareness 
C) Our ideas about ourselves organized into a coherent system 
D) A continuously changing self based on the people you are with and the environmental circumstances you are in 
E) Acting in a way that is in accordance with your personality traits
F)Our ideas about our characteristics and capabilities
G)Your overall opinion about whether you are good or bad
H)The images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be
I)The self-schema based on past experiences that direct how we relate to one another
J)Your views about what you could be doing 
A) Your view of what you should do 
B) Your view of self that is outside your conscious awareness 
C) Our ideas about ourselves organized into a coherent system 
D) A continuously changing self based on the people you are with and the environmental circumstances you are in 
E) Acting in a way that is in accordance with your personality traits
F)Our ideas about our characteristics and capabilities
G)Your overall opinion about whether you are good or bad
H)The images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be
I)The self-schema based on past experiences that direct how we relate to one another
J)Your views about what you could be doing

Question 8

The clarity of self-concept ________ between young adulthood and middle age and ________ during old age.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; decreases 
B)  decreases; increases 
C)  stays the same; increases 
D)  decreases; stays the same 
A)  increases; decreases 
B)  decreases; increases 
C)  stays the same; increases 
D)  decreases; stays the same

Question 9

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term.
-The ought self

Accepted Answer

A) Your view of what you should do 
B) Your view of self that is outside your conscious awareness 
C) Our ideas about ourselves organized into a coherent system 
D) A continuously changing self based on the people you are with and the environmental circumstances you are in 
E) Acting in a way that is in accordance with your personality traits
F)Our ideas about our characteristics and capabilities
G)Your overall opinion about whether you are good or bad
H)The images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be
I)The self-schema based on past experiences that direct how we relate to one another
J)Your views about what you could be doing 
A) Your view of what you should do 
B) Your view of self that is outside your conscious awareness 
C) Our ideas about ourselves organized into a coherent system 
D) A continuously changing self based on the people you are with and the environmental circumstances you are in 
E) Acting in a way that is in accordance with your personality traits
F)Our ideas about our characteristics and capabilities
G)Your overall opinion about whether you are good or bad
H)The images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be
I)The self-schema based on past experiences that direct how we relate to one another
J)Your views about what you could be doing

Question 10

________ is NOT one of the key functions of the self.

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitating self-regulation 
B)  Serving as an information-processing filter 
C)  Facilitating basic and reflexive responses to environmental contingences 
D)  Fulfilling identity functions 
A)  Facilitating self-regulation 
B)  Serving as an information-processing filter 
C)  Facilitating basic and reflexive responses to environmental contingences 
D)  Fulfilling identity functions

Question 11

Perhaps surprisingly, gender differences in self-esteem are largest in

Accepted Answer

A)  older adults. 
B)  younger adults. 
C)  developing nations. 
D)  the United States and other Western countries. 
A)  older adults. 
B)  younger adults. 
C)  developing nations. 
D)  the United States and other Western countries.

Question 12

According to the relational self-schema, which of the following would best predict how you will behave around your parents as an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  how you behave around your friends 
B)  how you behave around strangers 
C)  how you behave around a significant other 
D)  how you behaved around your parents as a child 
A)  how you behave around your friends 
B)  how you behave around strangers 
C)  how you behave around a significant other 
D)  how you behaved around your parents as a child

Question 13

Everything you think you know about your traits and abilities resides in the

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural self. 
B)  self-esteem structure. 
C)  I self. 
D)  declarative self. 
A)  procedural self. 
B)  self-esteem structure. 
C)  I self. 
D)  declarative self.

Question 14

What does the author mean when he says the me is the epistemological self?

Accepted Answer

A)  The me can be manipulated and changed. 
B)  The me is logical and rational. 
C)  The me is an object that can be described. 
D)  The me is a subjective entity. 
A)  The me can be manipulated and changed. 
B)  The me is logical and rational. 
C)  The me is an object that can be described. 
D)  The me is a subjective entity.

Question 15

According to research described in the text, how is narcissism related to implicit and explicit attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Narcissism might be more evident in those whose implicit self-esteem is low relative to their declarative self-esteem. 
B)  Narcissism occurs when implicit and declarative self-esteem are both low. 
C)  Narcissism is unrelated to implicit self-esteem but strongly related to declarative self-esteem. 
D)  Narcissism is strongly related to implicit self-esteem but unrelated to declarative self-esteem. 
A)  Narcissism might be more evident in those whose implicit self-esteem is low relative to their declarative self-esteem. 
B)  Narcissism occurs when implicit and declarative self-esteem are both low. 
C)  Narcissism is unrelated to implicit self-esteem but strongly related to declarative self-esteem. 
D)  Narcissism is strongly related to implicit self-esteem but unrelated to declarative self-esteem.

Question 16

Long-term memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  permanent memory storage. 
B)  limited to procedural knowledge only. 
C)  limited to an average of seven bits of information. 
D)  memory storage for around five years. 
A)  permanent memory storage. 
B)  limited to procedural knowledge only. 
C)  limited to an average of seven bits of information. 
D)  memory storage for around five years.

Question 17

The self acts as an information-processing filter in all of the following ways EXCEPT by

Accepted Answer

A)  restraining impulses to focus on long-term goals. 
B)  guiding us toward important information relevant to ourselves. 
C)  organizing the information relevant to ourselves. 
D)  distorting self-knowledge to maintain a positive self-image. 
A)  restraining impulses to focus on long-term goals. 
B)  guiding us toward important information relevant to ourselves. 
C)  organizing the information relevant to ourselves. 
D)  distorting self-knowledge to maintain a positive self-image.

Question 18

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has found that people's awareness of their own shyness is ________ conscious.

Accepted Answer

A)  partially 
B)  not at all 
C)  completely 
D)  independent of their 
A)  partially 
B)  not at all 
C)  completely 
D)  independent of their

Question 19

According to the textbook, the ought self resembles Jeffrey Gray's ________ system, whereas the ideal self resembles Gray's ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  Go; Stop 
B)  neuroticism; conscientiousness 
C)  conscientiousness; neuroticism 
D)  Stop; Go 
A)  Go; Stop 
B)  neuroticism; conscientiousness 
C)  conscientiousness; neuroticism 
D)  Stop; Go

Question 20

According to the ________ theory of self-esteem, low self-esteem might serve as a warning signal for rejection.

Accepted Answer

A)  detection 
B)  sociometer 
C)  threatened egotism 
D)  rejection sensitivity 
A)  detection 
B)  sociometer 
C)  threatened egotism 
D)  rejection sensitivity

Coaches often try to make their athletes believe they have the talent to succeed. What self-related concept are the coaches trying to improve?

Katie is anxious. There is likely a discrepancy between her self and her self.

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term. -Relational self

________ is the basis behind the idea that our opinions about our capabilities set the limits of what we will attempt.

A study in China showed that information about one's ________ is remembered as well as information about the self.

Which of the following is NOT a motivating need someone has when reporting their desired future selves?

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term. -Self-schema

The clarity of self-concept between young adulthood and middle age and during old age.

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term. -The ought self

________ is NOT one of the key functions of the self.

Perhaps surprisingly, gender differences in self-esteem are largest in

According to the relational self-schema, which of the following would best predict how you will behave around your parents as an adult?

Everything you think you know about your traits and abilities resides in the

What does the author mean when he says the me is the epistemological self?

According to research described in the text, how is narcissism related to implicit and explicit attitudes?

Long-term memory is

The self acts as an information-processing filter in all of the following ways EXCEPT by

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has found that people's awareness of their own shyness is ________ conscious.

According to the textbook, the ought self resembles Jeffrey Gray's system, whereas the ideal self resembles Gray's system.

According to the ________ theory of self-esteem, low self-esteem might serve as a warning signal for rejection.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 15: The Self: What You Know About You

Coaches often try to make their athletes believe they have the talent to succeed. What self-related concept are the coaches trying to improve?

Katie is anxious. There is likely a discrepancy between her ________ self and her ________ self.

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term. -Relational self

________ is the basis behind the idea that our opinions about our capabilities set the limits of what we will attempt.

A study in China showed that information about one's ________ is remembered as well as information about the self.

Which of the following is NOT a motivating need someone has when reporting their desired future selves?

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term. -Self-schema

The clarity of self-concept ________ between young adulthood and middle age and ________ during old age.

Match the declarative and procedural selves with the definition associated with that term. -The ought self

________ is NOT one of the key functions of the self.

Perhaps surprisingly, gender differences in self-esteem are largest in

According to the relational self-schema, which of the following would best predict how you will behave around your parents as an adult?

Everything you think you know about your traits and abilities resides in the

What does the author mean when he says the me is the epistemological self?

According to research described in the text, how is narcissism related to implicit and explicit attitudes?

Long-term memory is

The self acts as an information-processing filter in all of the following ways EXCEPT by

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has found that people's awareness of their own shyness is ________ conscious.

According to the textbook, the ought self resembles Jeffrey Gray's ________ system, whereas the ideal self resembles Gray's ________ system.

According to the ________ theory of self-esteem, low self-esteem might serve as a warning signal for rejection.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Katie is anxious. There is likely a discrepancy between her self and her self.

The clarity of self-concept between young adulthood and middle age and during old age.

According to the textbook, the ought self resembles Jeffrey Gray's system, whereas the ideal self resembles Gray's system.