Question 1

What is a key strength of longitudinal personality development studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are easy and quick to complete. 
B)  They are not biased by the cohort effect. 
C)  They are typically high powered with many thousand participants. 
D)  They are not affected by attrition. 
A)  They are easy and quick to complete. 
B)  They are not biased by the cohort effect. 
C)  They are typically high powered with many thousand participants. 
D)  They are not affected by attrition.

Question 2

The process by which a person seeks out compatible environments and avoids incompatible ones is called

Accepted Answer

A)  active person-environmental transaction. 
B)  reactive person-environment transaction. 
C)  evocative person-environment transaction. 
D)  heterotypic continuity. 
A)  active person-environmental transaction. 
B)  reactive person-environment transaction. 
C)  evocative person-environment transaction. 
D)  heterotypic continuity.

Question 3

In high school Jane was made fun of for being a geek. As an adult, she is a molecular biologist who now proudly wears the "geek" badge of honor. Jane's experience is an example of which of the principles of personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasticity principle 
B)  role continuity principle 
C)  identity development principle 
D)  maturity principle 
A)  plasticity principle 
B)  role continuity principle 
C)  identity development principle 
D)  maturity principle

Question 4

People tend to blame negative experiences on ________ rather than recognizing the role of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  their own personalities; external factors 
B)  luck; their own personalities 
C)  external factors; their own personalities 
D)  external factors; luck 
A)  their own personalities; external factors 
B)  luck; their own personalities 
C)  external factors; their own personalities 
D)  external factors; luck

Question 5

A shift in one's goals is related to a change in one's

Accepted Answer

A)  age. 
B)  life narrative. 
C)  personality trait levels. 
D)  social roles. 
A)  age. 
B)  life narrative. 
C)  personality trait levels. 
D)  social roles.

Question 6

Personality development is the

Accepted Answer

A)  mean level change of a trait over time. 
B)  cross-situational consistency of a trait. 
C)  rank-order change of a trait across individuals. 
D)  change in social status of an individual over time. 
A)  mean level change of a trait over time. 
B)  cross-situational consistency of a trait. 
C)  rank-order change of a trait across individuals. 
D)  change in social status of an individual over time.

Question 7

According to the text, narcissists seem to ________ the positive consequences of changing themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimate 
B)  underestimate 
C)  fully understand 
D)  reject 
A)  overestimate 
B)  underestimate 
C)  fully understand 
D)  reject

Question 8

Sandy is afraid that her lack of diligence and timeliness will cause her to get fired from her job. According to the text, what is the first thing she must do to increase her level of conscientiousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  recognize her specific problem areas and want to change 
B)  talk to her boss to get his perspective 
C)  change herself immediately without much thought 
D)  recognize that particular aspects of her job are likely causing her to be late and lazy 
A)  recognize her specific problem areas and want to change 
B)  talk to her boss to get his perspective 
C)  change herself immediately without much thought 
D)  recognize that particular aspects of her job are likely causing her to be late and lazy

Question 9

Match each definition with its associated principle of personality development.
-Social investment principle

Accepted Answer

A) Taking on roles or images such as being a "jock" can lead personality to be consistent over time. 
B) People become better equipped to deal with the demands of life as they acquire experience and skills. 
C) People seek to develop a stable sense of who they are and then strive to act consistently with this self-view. 
D) Personality can change at any time (but such change may not be easy). 
E) Personality traits increase in rank-order consistency as people get older.
F)Person-environment transactions can cause personality traits to remain consistent or even magnify over time.
G)Changing social roles at different stages of life, such as becoming a spouse, parent, or boss, can cause personality to change. 
A) Taking on roles or images such as being a "jock" can lead personality to be consistent over time. 
B) People become better equipped to deal with the demands of life as they acquire experience and skills. 
C) People seek to develop a stable sense of who they are and then strive to act consistently with this self-view. 
D) Personality can change at any time (but such change may not be easy). 
E) Personality traits increase in rank-order consistency as people get older.
F)Person-environment transactions can cause personality traits to remain consistent or even magnify over time.
G)Changing social roles at different stages of life, such as becoming a spouse, parent, or boss, can cause personality to change.

Question 10

Between ages 10 and 20, levels of extraversion tend to ________ and then ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; increase 
B)  level off; stay the same 
C)  decrease; stay the same 
D)  increase; level off 
A)  decrease; increase 
B)  level off; stay the same 
C)  decrease; stay the same 
D)  increase; level off

Question 11

Altaf is interested in conducting a study that assesses narcissism across the life course, but he has limited time and money to do so. What type of study should Altaf use?

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  typological 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  experimental 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  typological 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  experimental

Question 12

Over the last 10 years, Angelica has become more agreeable, conscientious, and emotionally stable. What principle best describes Angelica's development?

Accepted Answer

A)  cumulative continuity 
B)  maturity 
C)  plasticity 
D)  social investment 
A)  cumulative continuity 
B)  maturity 
C)  plasticity 
D)  social investment

Question 13

According to a recent review of 207 studies, which of the following is MOST associated with increased levels of extraversion and emotional stability?

Accepted Answer

A)  participating in psychotherapy 
B)  participating in a workplace productivity intervention 
C)  desiring to increase agreeableness 
D)  attending the opera 
A)  participating in psychotherapy 
B)  participating in a workplace productivity intervention 
C)  desiring to increase agreeableness 
D)  attending the opera

Question 14

According to one survey, what trait did the greatest number of people report wanting to change?

Accepted Answer

A)  agreeableness 
B)  extraversion 
C)  openness 
D)  neuroticism 
A)  agreeableness 
B)  extraversion 
C)  openness 
D)  neuroticism

Question 15

As the author of one's own autobiography, one forms a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  sense of purpose. 
B)  well-rounded personality. 
C)  intellectual identity. 
D)  narrative identity. 
A)  sense of purpose. 
B)  well-rounded personality. 
C)  intellectual identity. 
D)  narrative identity.

Question 16

Joe just got back from a month-long trip to Africa. According to the text, what are the likely long-term effects of his trip?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in his self-confidence and social skills 
B)  a decrease in verbal fluency 
C)  an increased appreciation for his hometown and family 
D)  a decreased sense of self 
A)  an increase in his self-confidence and social skills 
B)  a decrease in verbal fluency 
C)  an increased appreciation for his hometown and family 
D)  a decreased sense of self

Question 17

Personality disorders generally ________ across the life span.

Accepted Answer

A)  are responsive to therapy and become less severe 
B)  are stable 
C)  get worse 
D)  become less severe 
A)  are responsive to therapy and become less severe 
B)  are stable 
C)  get worse 
D)  become less severe

Question 18

Match each definition with its associated principle of personality development.
-Identity development principle

Accepted Answer

A) Taking on roles or images such as being a "jock" can lead personality to be consistent over time. 
B) People become better equipped to deal with the demands of life as they acquire experience and skills. 
C) People seek to develop a stable sense of who they are and then strive to act consistently with this self-view. 
D) Personality can change at any time (but such change may not be easy). 
E) Personality traits increase in rank-order consistency as people get older.
F)Person-environment transactions can cause personality traits to remain consistent or even magnify over time.
G)Changing social roles at different stages of life, such as becoming a spouse, parent, or boss, can cause personality to change. 
A) Taking on roles or images such as being a "jock" can lead personality to be consistent over time. 
B) People become better equipped to deal with the demands of life as they acquire experience and skills. 
C) People seek to develop a stable sense of who they are and then strive to act consistently with this self-view. 
D) Personality can change at any time (but such change may not be easy). 
E) Personality traits increase in rank-order consistency as people get older.
F)Person-environment transactions can cause personality traits to remain consistent or even magnify over time.
G)Changing social roles at different stages of life, such as becoming a spouse, parent, or boss, can cause personality to change.

Question 19

According to a recent study, what intervention can lead people to become more tolerant of stress and less defensive in general?

Accepted Answer

A)  attending a two-week acceptance training 
B)  practicing daily mindfulness activities 
C)  participating in one-on-one counseling sessions 
D)  writing self-affirmation essays 
A)  attending a two-week acceptance training 
B)  practicing daily mindfulness activities 
C)  participating in one-on-one counseling sessions 
D)  writing self-affirmation essays

Question 20

According to psychologist Frank Sulloway, firstborns are more ________ compared to those born later.

Accepted Answer

A)  conscientious 
B)  neurotic 
C)  open to experience 
D)  extraverted 
A)  conscientious 
B)  neurotic 
C)  open to experience 
D)  extraverted

What is a key strength of longitudinal personality development studies?

The process by which a person seeks out compatible environments and avoids incompatible ones is called

In high school Jane was made fun of for being a geek. As an adult, she is a molecular biologist who now proudly wears the "geek" badge of honor. Jane's experience is an example of which of the principles of personality development?

People tend to blame negative experiences on rather than recognizing the role of .

A shift in one's goals is related to a change in one's

Personality development is the

According to the text, narcissists seem to ________ the positive consequences of changing themselves.

Sandy is afraid that her lack of diligence and timeliness will cause her to get fired from her job. According to the text, what is the first thing she must do to increase her level of conscientiousness?

Match each definition with its associated principle of personality development. -Social investment principle

Between ages 10 and 20, levels of extraversion tend to and then .

Altaf is interested in conducting a study that assesses narcissism across the life course, but he has limited time and money to do so. What type of study should Altaf use?

Over the last 10 years, Angelica has become more agreeable, conscientious, and emotionally stable. What principle best describes Angelica's development?

According to a recent review of 207 studies, which of the following is MOST associated with increased levels of extraversion and emotional stability?

According to one survey, what trait did the greatest number of people report wanting to change?

As the author of one's own autobiography, one forms a(n)

Joe just got back from a month-long trip to Africa. According to the text, what are the likely long-term effects of his trip?

Personality disorders generally ________ across the life span.

Match each definition with its associated principle of personality development. -Identity development principle

According to a recent study, what intervention can lead people to become more tolerant of stress and less defensive in general?

According to psychologist Frank Sulloway, firstborns are more ________ compared to those born later.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 7: Personality Stability, Development, and Change

What is a key strength of longitudinal personality development studies?

The process by which a person seeks out compatible environments and avoids incompatible ones is called

In high school Jane was made fun of for being a geek. As an adult, she is a molecular biologist who now proudly wears the "geek" badge of honor. Jane's experience is an example of which of the principles of personality development?

People tend to blame negative experiences on ________ rather than recognizing the role of ________.

A shift in one's goals is related to a change in one's

Personality development is the

According to the text, narcissists seem to ________ the positive consequences of changing themselves.

Sandy is afraid that her lack of diligence and timeliness will cause her to get fired from her job. According to the text, what is the first thing she must do to increase her level of conscientiousness?

Match each definition with its associated principle of personality development. -Social investment principle

Between ages 10 and 20, levels of extraversion tend to ________ and then ________.

Altaf is interested in conducting a study that assesses narcissism across the life course, but he has limited time and money to do so. What type of study should Altaf use?

Over the last 10 years, Angelica has become more agreeable, conscientious, and emotionally stable. What principle best describes Angelica's development?

According to a recent review of 207 studies, which of the following is MOST associated with increased levels of extraversion and emotional stability?

According to one survey, what trait did the greatest number of people report wanting to change?

As the author of one's own autobiography, one forms a(n)

Joe just got back from a month-long trip to Africa. According to the text, what are the likely long-term effects of his trip?

Personality disorders generally ________ across the life span.

Match each definition with its associated principle of personality development. -Identity development principle

According to a recent study, what intervention can lead people to become more tolerant of stress and less defensive in general?

According to psychologist Frank Sulloway, firstborns are more ________ compared to those born later.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

People tend to blame negative experiences on rather than recognizing the role of .

Between ages 10 and 20, levels of extraversion tend to and then .