Question 1

According to situationists, the upper limit of personality coefficients is estimated as

Accepted Answer

A)  .20. 
B)  .40. 
C)  .60. 
D)  .80. 
A)  .20. 
B)  .40. 
C)  .60. 
D)  .80.

Question 2

Mischel originally argued that personality coefficients seldom exceed .30, whereas subsequent situationists raised that estimate to

Accepted Answer

A)  .40. 
B)  .50. 
C)  .35. 
D)  .45. 
A)  .40. 
B)  .50. 
C)  .35. 
D)  .45.

Question 3

Sally found that neither caffeine nor extraversion individually predicted problem solving; however, she found that they both worked together to predict problem solving. This is an example of what kind of an effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  a true interaction 
B)  a suppressor 
C)  an evocation 
D)  a true mediation 
A)  a true interaction 
B)  a suppressor 
C)  an evocation 
D)  a true mediation

Question 4

Which conclusion follows from Funder's analysis of the person-situation debate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality doesn't usually predict behavior. 
B)  Person perceptions are largely incorrect. 
C)  Even in the same situation, all people do not behave in the same way. 
D)  People don't really act differently from each other. 
A)  Personality doesn't usually predict behavior. 
B)  Person perceptions are largely incorrect. 
C)  Even in the same situation, all people do not behave in the same way. 
D)  People don't really act differently from each other.

Question 5

Which of the following is the best example of a situationist argument?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melinda's talkativeness is related to her optimism. 
B)  Knowing Robert's extraversion doesn't really let us predict his behavior. 
C)  Knowing Sanjay's neuroticism means we know how anxious he usually is. 
D)  Suri's conscientiousness changes depending on the time of day. 
A)  Melinda's talkativeness is related to her optimism. 
B)  Knowing Robert's extraversion doesn't really let us predict his behavior. 
C)  Knowing Sanjay's neuroticism means we know how anxious he usually is. 
D)  Suri's conscientiousness changes depending on the time of day.

Question 6

The avoidance of drug abuse is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  openness to experience 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  extraversion 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  openness to experience 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  extraversion 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 7

Historically, personality psychologists have concentrated on ________ to evaluate the effects of personality variables, whereas social psychologists have concentrated on ________ to evaluate the effects of situational variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  variance; standard deviations 
B)  standard deviations; variance 
C)  effect size; statistical significance 
D)  statistical significance; effect size 
A)  variance; standard deviations 
B)  standard deviations; variance 
C)  effect size; statistical significance 
D)  statistical significance; effect size

Question 8

Individuals in which age group are likely to have the greatest amount of stability in their personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  school-age children 
B)  adolescents 
C)  young adults between the ages of 20 and 30 
D)  adults between the ages of 50 and 70 
A)  school-age children 
B)  adolescents 
C)  young adults between the ages of 20 and 30 
D)  adults between the ages of 50 and 70

Question 9

Which of the following characteristics seems to predict increased consistency of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-monitoring 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  preference for consistency 
D)  none of these attributes 
A)  high self-monitoring 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  preference for consistency 
D)  none of these attributes

Question 10

Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated) behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random variations tend to cancel out when aggregated. 
B)  Random variations tend to multiply when aggregated. 
C)  Trait variation is mostly random when aggregated. 
D)  Trait variation is mostly specific when aggregated. 
A)  Random variations tend to cancel out when aggregated. 
B)  Random variations tend to multiply when aggregated. 
C)  Trait variation is mostly random when aggregated. 
D)  Trait variation is mostly specific when aggregated.

Question 11

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument.
-A correlation of .30 leaves 91 percent of the variance "unexplained."

Accepted Answer

A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray 
A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray

Question 12

Which of the following describes social psychologist Roger Brown's views on the importance of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  He first believed situations were important but later changed his mind. 
B)  He first believed traits were important but later changed his mind. 
C)  He first believed traits were unimportant but later recognized their importance. 
D)  He first believed situations were unimportant but later recognized their importance. 
A)  He first believed situations were important but later changed his mind. 
B)  He first believed traits were important but later changed his mind. 
C)  He first believed traits were unimportant but later recognized their importance. 
D)  He first believed situations were unimportant but later recognized their importance.

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT describe a type of person-situation interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  People generally prefer situations that are pleasant. 
B)  People choose the situations they occupy. 
C)  People change the situations they occupy. 
D)  People react differently to the same situation. 
A)  People generally prefer situations that are pleasant. 
B)  People choose the situations they occupy. 
C)  People change the situations they occupy. 
D)  People react differently to the same situation.

Question 14

How were all of the behavioral measurements in the studies reviewed in Mischel's influential book collected?

Accepted Answer

A)  from real-life observations 
B)  in laboratory settings 
C)  from self-reported narrative accounts 
D)  from peer-reported accounts 
A)  from real-life observations 
B)  in laboratory settings 
C)  from self-reported narrative accounts 
D)  from peer-reported accounts

Question 15

Which of the following terms describes the tendency for people to act differently in different situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  inconsistency 
B)  consistency 
C)  emotional instability 
D)  stability 
A)  inconsistency 
B)  consistency 
C)  emotional instability 
D)  stability

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of Funder's conclusions regarding the person-situation debate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most situational coefficients are actually between .30 and .40. 
B)  Situational coefficients are similar in size to personality coefficients. 
C)  Both situational variables and personality variables have an effect on behavior. 
D)  It is difficult to translate experimental results into effect sizes. 
A)  Most situational coefficients are actually between .30 and .40. 
B)  Situational coefficients are similar in size to personality coefficients. 
C)  Both situational variables and personality variables have an effect on behavior. 
D)  It is difficult to translate experimental results into effect sizes.

Question 17

Match the correct term with each definition.
-r = .30 to .40

Accepted Answer

A) Relative consistency 
B) Situationism 
C) The "personality coefficient" 
D) Aggregation 
E) Interactionism
F)BESD 
A) Relative consistency 
B) Situationism 
C) The "personality coefficient" 
D) Aggregation 
E) Interactionism
F)BESD

Question 18

The traditional practice in evaluating the degree to which behavior is affected by the situation has been to

Accepted Answer

A)  square the correlation coefficient for the relationship between behavior and some aspect of the situation. 
B)  determine the percentage of variance accounted for by personality, subtract that from 100 percent, and then assign that value to the situation. 
C)  multiply the variance in the behavioral measure by 2. 
D)  add the variance in the behavioral measure to the variance for the situational variable. 
A)  square the correlation coefficient for the relationship between behavior and some aspect of the situation. 
B)  determine the percentage of variance accounted for by personality, subtract that from 100 percent, and then assign that value to the situation. 
C)  multiply the variance in the behavioral measure by 2. 
D)  add the variance in the behavioral measure to the variance for the situational variable.

Question 19

Describe the three major aspects of the situationist argument. Explain how trait psychologists responded to this argument.

Accepted Answer

The situationist argument posits that hu

Question 20

Good coping would be positively associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  conscientiousness 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  openness to experience 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  conscientiousness 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  openness to experience

According to situationists, the upper limit of personality coefficients is estimated as

Mischel originally argued that personality coefficients seldom exceed .30, whereas subsequent situationists raised that estimate to

Sally found that neither caffeine nor extraversion individually predicted problem solving; however, she found that they both worked together to predict problem solving. This is an example of what kind of an effect?

Which conclusion follows from Funder's analysis of the person-situation debate?

Which of the following is the best example of a situationist argument?

The avoidance of drug abuse is associated with what trait?

Historically, personality psychologists have concentrated on to evaluate the effects of personality variables, whereas social psychologists have concentrated on to evaluate the effects of situational variables.

Individuals in which age group are likely to have the greatest amount of stability in their personality traits?

Which of the following characteristics seems to predict increased consistency of behavior?

Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated) behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors?

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument. -A correlation of .30 leaves 91 percent of the variance "unexplained."

Which of the following describes social psychologist Roger Brown's views on the importance of personality?

Which of the following does NOT describe a type of person-situation interaction?

How were all of the behavioral measurements in the studies reviewed in Mischel's influential book collected?

Which of the following terms describes the tendency for people to act differently in different situations?

Which of the following is NOT one of Funder's conclusions regarding the person-situation debate?

Match the correct term with each definition. -r = .30 to .40

The traditional practice in evaluating the degree to which behavior is affected by the situation has been to

Describe the three major aspects of the situationist argument. Explain how trait psychologists responded to this argument.

Good coping would be positively associated with what trait?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 4: Persons and Situations

According to situationists, the upper limit of personality coefficients is estimated as

Mischel originally argued that personality coefficients seldom exceed .30, whereas subsequent situationists raised that estimate to

Sally found that neither caffeine nor extraversion individually predicted problem solving; however, she found that they both worked together to predict problem solving. This is an example of what kind of an effect?

Which conclusion follows from Funder's analysis of the person-situation debate?

Which of the following is the best example of a situationist argument?

The avoidance of drug abuse is associated with what trait?

Historically, personality psychologists have concentrated on ________ to evaluate the effects of personality variables, whereas social psychologists have concentrated on ________ to evaluate the effects of situational variables.

Individuals in which age group are likely to have the greatest amount of stability in their personality traits?

Which of the following characteristics seems to predict increased consistency of behavior?

Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated) behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors?

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument. -A correlation of .30 leaves 91 percent of the variance "unexplained."

Which of the following describes social psychologist Roger Brown's views on the importance of personality?

Which of the following does NOT describe a type of person-situation interaction?

How were all of the behavioral measurements in the studies reviewed in Mischel's influential book collected?

Which of the following terms describes the tendency for people to act differently in different situations?

Which of the following is NOT one of Funder's conclusions regarding the person-situation debate?

Match the correct term with each definition. -r = .30 to .40

The traditional practice in evaluating the degree to which behavior is affected by the situation has been to

Describe the three major aspects of the situationist argument. Explain how trait psychologists responded to this argument.

Good coping would be positively associated with what trait?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Historically, personality psychologists have concentrated on to evaluate the effects of personality variables, whereas social psychologists have concentrated on to evaluate the effects of situational variables.