Question 1

According to the text, the purpose of personality traits is to predict

Accepted Answer

A)  specific behavioral manifestations. 
B)  behavior in the long term. 
C)  I data but not B data. 
D)  S data but not I data. 
A)  specific behavioral manifestations. 
B)  behavior in the long term. 
C)  I data but not B data. 
D)  S data but not I data.

Question 2

According to the text, when psychologists argue about the importance of the person versus the situation, they may really be arguing about

Accepted Answer

A)  their fundamental values. 
B)  study design decisions. 
C)  historical accounts of psychology. 
D)  their religious beliefs. 
A)  their fundamental values. 
B)  study design decisions. 
C)  historical accounts of psychology. 
D)  their religious beliefs.

Question 3

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the influence of values that contribute to a situationist versus a pro-personality position?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are both flexibly adaptive to situations and consistent in personal style. 
B)  Attributing behavior to the situation absolves people from blame. 
C)  Attributing actions to personality implies that people are responsible for their circumstances. 
D)  People are free to do what they want, so they are responsible for their actions. 
A)  People are both flexibly adaptive to situations and consistent in personal style. 
B)  Attributing behavior to the situation absolves people from blame. 
C)  Attributing actions to personality implies that people are responsible for their circumstances. 
D)  People are free to do what they want, so they are responsible for their actions.

Question 4

Walter Mischel and his 1968 book Personality and Assessment are noteworthy because this work

Accepted Answer

A)  provides the most cogent argument for why trait theory and psychodynamic theory should be integrated. 
B)  is credited with starting the person-situation debate by claiming that traits are not as important as situational factors in behavioral prediction. 
C)  provides the first published defense of trait theory against the situationist critique. 
D)  was the first to outline the Five Factor Model of personality. 
A)  provides the most cogent argument for why trait theory and psychodynamic theory should be integrated. 
B)  is credited with starting the person-situation debate by claiming that traits are not as important as situational factors in behavioral prediction. 
C)  provides the first published defense of trait theory against the situationist critique. 
D)  was the first to outline the Five Factor Model of personality.

Question 5

How thorough was Mischel's review of the personality literature in Personality and Assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  fairly thorough; about half of the book 
B)  incredibly thorough; about three-quarters of the book 
C)  not very thorough; about as long as a typical undergraduate term paper 
D)  He barely mentions it at all; only about two pages 
A)  fairly thorough; about half of the book 
B)  incredibly thorough; about three-quarters of the book 
C)  not very thorough; about as long as a typical undergraduate term paper 
D)  He barely mentions it at all; only about two pages

Question 6

What dramatic conclusion did some psychologists and non-psychologists draw from Mischel's claims regarding personality and behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  that personality did not exist 
B)  that correlations cannot test the link between the person and the situation 
C)  that personality does not change over the life span 
D)  that people are in some ways similar and in some ways different than other people 
A)  that personality did not exist 
B)  that correlations cannot test the link between the person and the situation 
C)  that personality does not change over the life span 
D)  that people are in some ways similar and in some ways different than other people

Question 7

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that

Accepted Answer

A)  individual differences cannot be measured reliably. 
B)  situations do not affect behavior. 
C)  people are inconsistent. 
D)  correlational methods do not clearly indicate effect size. 
A)  individual differences cannot be measured reliably. 
B)  situations do not affect behavior. 
C)  people are inconsistent. 
D)  correlational methods do not clearly indicate effect size.

Question 8

Someone who is ________ is likely to express his or her personality consistently from one situation to the next.

Accepted Answer

A)  low in self-monitoring 
B)  high in self-monitoring 
C)  low in self-efficacy 
D)  high in self-efficacy 
A)  low in self-monitoring 
B)  high in self-monitoring 
C)  low in self-efficacy 
D)  high in self-efficacy

Question 9

Funder and Ozer (1983) examined the results of three classic social psychological studies. They converted the results to effect sizes and found that the effects were equivalent to correlations in the range of ________ (in absolute value).

Accepted Answer

A)  .10 to .20 
B)  .30 to .40 
C)  .61 to .75 
D)  .70 to .97 
A)  .10 to .20 
B)  .30 to .40 
C)  .61 to .75 
D)  .70 to .97

Question 10

In Leikas, Lönnqvist, and Verkasalo (2012), participants interacted with trained actors. The number of times a participant gestured depended mostly on his or her own characteristics. Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of variability explained by the person was small. 
B)  The amount of variability explained by the person was large. 
C)  The amount of variability explained by the situation was small. 
D)  The amount of variability explained by the situation was large. 
A)  The amount of variability explained by the person was small. 
B)  The amount of variability explained by the person was large. 
C)  The amount of variability explained by the situation was small. 
D)  The amount of variability explained by the situation was large.

Question 11

According to recent research, individuals high in ________ might actually be more consistent.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-control 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  preference for consistency 
D)  extraversion 
A)  self-control 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  preference for consistency 
D)  extraversion

Question 12

Explain the issues that are involved in judging the size of the correlation coefficient of .40.

Accepted Answer

When judging the size of a correlation c

Question 13

The ________ perspective indicates that, under the right circumstances, everyone can be rich, popular, and successful.

Accepted Answer

A)  interactionist 
B)  pro-personality 
C)  situationist 
D)  behaviorist 
A)  interactionist 
B)  pro-personality 
C)  situationist 
D)  behaviorist

Question 14

Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  openness to experience 
B)  self-monitoring 
C)  extraversion 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  openness to experience 
B)  self-monitoring 
C)  extraversion 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 15

Funder and Ozer (1983) converted the results of three classic social psychological studies to effect sizes. After comparing those effect sizes with those typically obtained by personality psychologists, Funder and Ozer concluded that

Accepted Answer

A)  situational variables, like personality variables, cannot predict behavior. 
B)  both situational and personality variables are important determinants of behavior. 
C)  the upper limit for a situation coefficient is only .20. 
D)  the three studies were so fundamentally flawed that they do not allow us to conclude anything about the predictability of behavior from situational variables. 
A)  situational variables, like personality variables, cannot predict behavior. 
B)  both situational and personality variables are important determinants of behavior. 
C)  the upper limit for a situation coefficient is only .20. 
D)  the three studies were so fundamentally flawed that they do not allow us to conclude anything about the predictability of behavior from situational variables.

Question 16

According to Funder, what deep issues about human nature are at the heart of the person-situation debate, and why is it difficult to fully resolve them?

Accepted Answer

The person-situation debate revolves aro

Question 17

In order to improve personality research, researchers can

Accepted Answer

A)  check for factors that predict consistency. 
B)  predict behavioral trends rather than single acts. 
C)  measure behavior in real life. 
D)  All of the answer options are correct. 
A)  check for factors that predict consistency. 
B)  predict behavioral trends rather than single acts. 
C)  measure behavior in real life. 
D)  All of the answer options are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following psychologists is often credited with starting the person-situation debate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gordon Allport 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Walter Mischel 
D)  Henry Murray 
A)  Gordon Allport 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Walter Mischel 
D)  Henry Murray

Question 19

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument.
-Some people are more consistent than others.

Accepted Answer

A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray 
A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray

Question 20

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument.
-You may travel the world, but your personality is the baggage you will always have with you.

Accepted Answer

A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray 
A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray

According to the text, the purpose of personality traits is to predict

According to the text, when psychologists argue about the importance of the person versus the situation, they may really be arguing about

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the influence of values that contribute to a situationist versus a pro-personality position?

Walter Mischel and his 1968 book Personality and Assessment are noteworthy because this work

How thorough was Mischel's review of the personality literature in Personality and Assessment?

What dramatic conclusion did some psychologists and non-psychologists draw from Mischel's claims regarding personality and behavior?

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that

Someone who is ________ is likely to express his or her personality consistently from one situation to the next.

Funder and Ozer (1983) examined the results of three classic social psychological studies. They converted the results to effect sizes and found that the effects were equivalent to correlations in the range of ________ (in absolute value).

In Leikas, Lönnqvist, and Verkasalo (2012), participants interacted with trained actors. The number of times a participant gestured depended mostly on his or her own characteristics. Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result?

According to recent research, individuals high in ________ might actually be more consistent.

Explain the issues that are involved in judging the size of the correlation coefficient of .40.

The ________ perspective indicates that, under the right circumstances, everyone can be rich, popular, and successful.

Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?

Funder and Ozer (1983) converted the results of three classic social psychological studies to effect sizes. After comparing those effect sizes with those typically obtained by personality psychologists, Funder and Ozer concluded that

According to Funder, what deep issues about human nature are at the heart of the person-situation debate, and why is it difficult to fully resolve them?

In order to improve personality research, researchers can

Which of the following psychologists is often credited with starting the person-situation debate?

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument. -Some people are more consistent than others.

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument. -You may travel the world, but your personality is the baggage you will always have with you.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 4: Persons and Situations

According to the text, the purpose of personality traits is to predict

According to the text, when psychologists argue about the importance of the person versus the situation, they may really be arguing about

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the influence of values that contribute to a situationist versus a pro-personality position?

Walter Mischel and his 1968 book Personality and Assessment are noteworthy because this work

How thorough was Mischel's review of the personality literature in Personality and Assessment?

What dramatic conclusion did some psychologists and non-psychologists draw from Mischel's claims regarding personality and behavior?

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that

Someone who is ________ is likely to express his or her personality consistently from one situation to the next.

Funder and Ozer (1983) examined the results of three classic social psychological studies. They converted the results to effect sizes and found that the effects were equivalent to correlations in the range of ________ (in absolute value).

In Leikas, Lönnqvist, and Verkasalo (2012), participants interacted with trained actors. The number of times a participant gestured depended mostly on his or her own characteristics. Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result?

According to recent research, individuals high in ________ might actually be more consistent.

Explain the issues that are involved in judging the size of the correlation coefficient of .40.

The ________ perspective indicates that, under the right circumstances, everyone can be rich, popular, and successful.

Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?

Funder and Ozer (1983) converted the results of three classic social psychological studies to effect sizes. After comparing those effect sizes with those typically obtained by personality psychologists, Funder and Ozer concluded that

According to Funder, what deep issues about human nature are at the heart of the person-situation debate, and why is it difficult to fully resolve them?

In order to improve personality research, researchers can

Which of the following psychologists is often credited with starting the person-situation debate?

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument. -Some people are more consistent than others.

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument. -You may travel the world, but your personality is the baggage you will always have with you.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters