Exam 16: Carbohydrates

Aldaric acids are a type of monosaccharide derivative,formed when both the aldehyde group and the terminal -CH₂OH group of a monosaccharide are oxidized to carboxylic acids.D-Glucaric acid is the aldaric acid derivative of D-glucose.What is the structure of D-glucaric acid?

What is a reducing sugar?

What two functional groups are present in all monosaccharides?

What is the simplest type of carbohydrate?

Monosaccharides are structurally defined as which of the following?

Which statement concerning a chiral carbon is always TRUE?

Which of the following is a highly branched polymer of glucose?

The glycosidic linkages found in most disaccharides and polysaccharides are acetal bonds.

The monosaccharide derivative shown below bonds to hydrophobic molecules in the liver.What effect does this have on the molecule to which it binds?

The Fischer projection for the monosaccharide ribulose is shown below.How may this monosaccharide be appropriately classified?

Starch is composed of which two polysaccharides?

Propranol is a chiral compound that exists as a pair of enantiomers.One enantiomer is used to treat irregular heartbeats,and the other is used as a contraceptive.Which labeled carbon atom(s)is/are chiral?

What is the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth?

What term is used to describe an excess of glucose in a urine sample?

What term properly describes the relationship between the two compounds shown?

If D-glucose is levorotatory,then L-glucose must be levorotatory as well.

For D-glyceraldehyde shown below,which carbon,if any,is chiral?

What term describes a carbon atom that has four different groups bonded to it?

Which monosaccharide combines with glucose to form the disaccharide lactose?

Which of the following carbohydrates cannot be digested by humans?