Exam 17: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

During their early developmental years,young children will often be involved in accidents,and these can often be severe enough to cause irreversible physical damage and intellectual impairment.However,some of the injuries that cause intellectual disability in children may not be genuine accidents but may be the result of physical abuse by others.A retrospective study of head injuries in children aged between 1 and 6 years of age estimated that what percentage of cases could be defined as accidents?

Metabolic disorders occur when the body's ability to produce or break down chemicals is impaired.There are many different types of metabolic disorders and many can affect intellectual ability.Such disorders are often caused by genetic factors,and may be carried by:

Disorder of written expression is commonly found in combination with reading disorder,and is given which of the following labels?

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a feature of stuttering?

Community studies estimate prevalence rates of stuttering for all individuals at:

According to Shaywitz,Shaywitz,and Fletcher & Escobar,1990),this gender difference in reading disorder may be due to which of the following factors?

Intellectual disabilities are defined primarily by which of the following criteria?

In autistic spectrum disorder,to supplement basic conditioning principles,therapists will also use a range of methods to try and promote the required behaviours in the first place,and these may include:

The quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities can be improved significantly with the help of basic training procedures that will equip them with a range of skills depending on their level of disability.Behavioural techniques that adopt basic principles of operant and classical conditioning are used extensively in these contexts,and the application of learning theory to training in these areas is also known as:

Dyscalculia appears to be a specific but chronic condition,in which sufferers may perform better than average on measures of IQ,vocabulary and working memory,but still perform significantly poorly on tests of mathematical ability (Landerl,Bevan & Butterworth,2004).The disorder appears to be the result of specific disabilities in basic number processing,and can take which of the following basic forms?

Down Syndrome has a prevalence rate of?

The evidence of autistic spectrum disorder can be apparent in children as young as:

Inclusion strategies in autistic spectrum disorder teach self-help strategies,social and living skills,and self-management that are designed to help the individual function more effectively in society.A support scheme known as supported employment involves which of the following?

What factors are important to consider in the diagnosis of intellectual disability?

Learning disabilities are divided into three broad categories.One of these is known as Intellectual Disability and an example of this is:

Social deprivation and poverty are also inextricably linked to other risk factors for intellectual disability,including which of the following?

In the UK,the Special Education Needs & Disability Act of 2001 extended the rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities to be educated in mainstream schools.What are schools required to draw up to facilitate the inclusion of pupils with intellectual disabilities and to make reasonable adjustments so that they are not disadvantaged?

Most forms of intellectual disability impose limitations on the sufferer's ability to function fully and actively in society.This means that - depending on the severity of the disability - the individual will need support to cope with many of the rigours of everyday living.Approaches to helping those with intellectual disabilities are based on the principle of:

Which of the following are examples of prevention strategies?

Policy on the development and education of individuals with intellectual disabilities has changed significantly over the past 20-30 years.Many countries have introduced which procedures that extend the rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities to be educated according to their needs in mainstream schools?