Question 1

How is number needed to treat (NNT) calculated?

Accepted Answer

A)  One divided by the absolute risk reduction 
B)  Incidence rate of disease in exposed population over the incidence of disease in unexposed population 
C)  Event rate in control group minus event rate in experimental group 
D)  Number of people with given disease in given population at one point in time divided by the total in given population at same point in time 
A)  One divided by the absolute risk reduction 
B)  Incidence rate of disease in exposed population over the incidence of disease in unexposed population 
C)  Event rate in control group minus event rate in experimental group 
D)  Number of people with given disease in given population at one point in time divided by the total in given population at same point in time

Question 2

A nurse is reviewing a qualitative study on homelessness and dental health. Which question about validity is appropriate in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  Was follow-up sufficiently long and complete? 
B)  Is the research question clear and adequately substantiated? 
C)  How were the participants randomized into groups? 
D)  Was allocation concealment used? 
A)  Was follow-up sufficiently long and complete? 
B)  Is the research question clear and adequately substantiated? 
C)  How were the participants randomized into groups? 
D)  Was allocation concealment used?

Question 3

A group of nurses have formulated a research question on how to best support new mothers with breastfeeding. What is the next step in the process to develop evidence-based nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Implement evidence-based practice decision 
B)  Appraise the research evidence 
C)  Evaluate the outcomes of evidence-based nursing practice 
D)  Complete a systematic search of research evidence 
A)  Implement evidence-based practice decision 
B)  Appraise the research evidence 
C)  Evaluate the outcomes of evidence-based nursing practice 
D)  Complete a systematic search of research evidence

Question 4

A nurse wants to do qualitative research to describe the culture of youth who live away from their parents. What research methodology should the nurse choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grounded theory 
B)  Phenomenology 
C)  Ethnography 
D)  Prospective cohort study 
A)  Grounded theory 
B)  Phenomenology 
C)  Ethnography 
D)  Prospective cohort study

Question 5

What is most likely to be included in a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A narrative review of several articles using pre-set criteria 
B)  A summary of research evidence that relates to a general question 
C)  A quantitative combination of results of several studies 
D)  Statistics from various studies presented separately in a table 
A)  A narrative review of several articles using pre-set criteria 
B)  A summary of research evidence that relates to a general question 
C)  A quantitative combination of results of several studies 
D)  Statistics from various studies presented separately in a table

Question 6

What is relative risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proportion of the participants experiencing an outcome in the intervention group divided by the proportion experiencing the outcome in the control group 
B)  Proportional reduction in the rates of poor outcomes between the experimental and control participants 
C)  Range of values with a specified probability of including the true effect, which can never be known absolutely 
D)  Number of study participants who would have died anyway without the intervention 
A)  Proportion of the participants experiencing an outcome in the intervention group divided by the proportion experiencing the outcome in the control group 
B)  Proportional reduction in the rates of poor outcomes between the experimental and control participants 
C)  Range of values with a specified probability of including the true effect, which can never be known absolutely 
D)  Number of study participants who would have died anyway without the intervention

Question 7

A nurse reads in a study on a diabetes prevention program that the odds ratio was <1. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Study was biased 
B)  Participants were not affected by the program 
C)  Prevention program was beneficial 
D)  Control group was the same as the intervention group 
A)  Study was biased 
B)  Participants were not affected by the program 
C)  Prevention program was beneficial 
D)  Control group was the same as the intervention group

Question 8

What is the next step after implementing an evidenced-based practice and policy change related to head lice screening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replicate the original research study within a one-year timeframe 
B)  Establish an evaluation period to see if the change is working 
C)  Conduct comprehensive chart reviews on every aspect of nursing practice 
D)  Wait and see what the results of the change turn out to be 
A)  Replicate the original research study within a one-year timeframe 
B)  Establish an evaluation period to see if the change is working 
C)  Conduct comprehensive chart reviews on every aspect of nursing practice 
D)  Wait and see what the results of the change turn out to be

Question 9

What is meant by wide confidence intervals?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is less accuracy in the estimated effect of the intervention. 
B)  The intervention has an effect on the outcome and is statistically significant. 
C)  This indicates the reliability of an estimate. 
D)  Precision increases with larger samples. 
A)  There is less accuracy in the estimated effect of the intervention. 
B)  The intervention has an effect on the outcome and is statistically significant. 
C)  This indicates the reliability of an estimate. 
D)  Precision increases with larger samples.

Question 10

What is the "Effective Practice and Organization of Care" review group?

Accepted Answer

It is a group within within the Cochrane

Exam 10: Research

How is number needed to treat (NNT) calculated?

A nurse is reviewing a qualitative study on homelessness and dental health. Which question about validity is appropriate in this scenario?

A group of nurses have formulated a research question on how to best support new mothers with breastfeeding. What is the next step in the process to develop evidence-based nursing practice?

A nurse wants to do qualitative research to describe the culture of youth who live away from their parents. What research methodology should the nurse choose?

What is most likely to be included in a meta-analysis?

What is relative risk?

A nurse reads in a study on a diabetes prevention program that the odds ratio was <1. What does this mean?

What is the next step after implementing an evidenced-based practice and policy change related to head lice screening?

What is meant by wide confidence intervals?

What is the "Effective Practice and Organization of Care" review group?

The History of Community Health Nursing in Canada

Policy, Politics, and Power in Health Care

Nursing Roles, Functions, and Practice Settings

Public Health Nursing

Home Health Nursing in Canada

Advocacy, Ethical, and Legal Considerations

Theoretical Foundations of Community Health Nursing

Health Promotion

Race, Culture, and Health

Epidemiology

Communicable Diseases

Community Nursing Process

Community Health Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation

Digital Health

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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Two Spirit Clients

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Chronic Care, Long-Term Care, and Palliative Care

Correctional Health

Ecological Determinants of Health and Environmental Health Inequities

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Substance Use

Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Nursing

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