Question 1

Write one clinical question related to community health nursing practice for qualitative questions of how and why.

Accepted Answer

-What do community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers (population) perceive as the facilitators and barriers to falls prevention and maintaining independence (situation)?

Question 2

A nursing student is learning to critically appraise studies on treatment or prevention. What question best addresses whether the results of the study are valid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is the description of the findings thorough? 
B)  Were all the clinical significant outcomes considered? 
C)  Were the groups similar at the start of the trial? 
D)  Is the design appropriate for the research question? 
A)  Is the description of the findings thorough? 
B)  Were all the clinical significant outcomes considered? 
C)  Were the groups similar at the start of the trial? 
D)  Is the design appropriate for the research question? C

Question 3

What can be included in a systematic review of community health nursing research studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only randomized trials 
B)  Non-randomized cohort studies 
C)  A strictly statistical synthesis 
D)  Only studies that use the biomedical model 
A)  Only randomized trials 
B)  Non-randomized cohort studies 
C)  A strictly statistical synthesis 
D)  Only studies that use the biomedical model B

Question 4

A nurse is attempting to conduct a search of the literature related to the use of condoms by men who have sex with men. What activity will allow the nurse to conduct the most efficient search?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generating a list of search terms 
B)  Accessing a health sciences librarian 
C)  Reading abstracts at the university library 
D)  Looking at articles already found on the subject 
A)  Generating a list of search terms 
B)  Accessing a health sciences librarian 
C)  Reading abstracts at the university library 
D)  Looking at articles already found on the subject

Question 5

What website is the preferred source of pre-appraised research for community health nurses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence-Based Nursing 
B)  BMJ Clinical Evidence 
C)  Health-Evidence 
D)  National Guideline Clearinghouse 
A)  Evidence-Based Nursing 
B)  BMJ Clinical Evidence 
C)  Health-Evidence 
D)  National Guideline Clearinghouse

Question 6

What is the best course of action for nurses to follow when there is no research evidence to support practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilize expert opinion as the standard for decision-making 
B)  Implement several different practices and see what works well 
C)  Develop individual best practice guidelines 
D)  Change practice according to somewhat related research evidence 
A)  Utilize expert opinion as the standard for decision-making 
B)  Implement several different practices and see what works well 
C)  Develop individual best practice guidelines 
D)  Change practice according to somewhat related research evidence

Question 7

What is the time lag between when technical information is generated and the time it is used in actual practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 to 18 years 
B)  8 to 17 years 
C)  1 to 2 years 
D)  5 to 10 years 
A)  15 to 18 years 
B)  8 to 17 years 
C)  1 to 2 years 
D)  5 to 10 years

Question 8

A student nurse has been asked to write a clinical question that includes the elements of a structured question. Which one of the following questions meets these criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  What is the evidence for school-based activity programs? 
B)  What are the health-promoting behaviours of well seniors? 
C)  For new mothers, can e-health technology be used to achieve a healthy weight in the postpartum period? 
D)  Does a structured breastfeeding support program affect duration, exclusivity, or gastrointestinal infections in the infants? 
A)  What is the evidence for school-based activity programs? 
B)  What are the health-promoting behaviours of well seniors? 
C)  For new mothers, can e-health technology be used to achieve a healthy weight in the postpartum period? 
D)  Does a structured breastfeeding support program affect duration, exclusivity, or gastrointestinal infections in the infants?

Question 9

What is the Cochrane Library?

Accepted Answer

A)  A collection of websites and journals of pre-appraised research including Evidence-Based Nursing and Evidence-Based Medicine 
B)  A searchable online database of abstracts and websites related to evidence-based practice based in Australia 
C)  An online site for high quality systematic reviews relevant to public health in Canada 
D)  A collection of reports and protocols from systematic reviews produced by an international collaboration, as well as summaries of reviews and abstracts of randomized controlled trails 
A)  A collection of websites and journals of pre-appraised research including Evidence-Based Nursing and Evidence-Based Medicine 
B)  A searchable online database of abstracts and websites related to evidence-based practice based in Australia 
C)  An online site for high quality systematic reviews relevant to public health in Canada 
D)  A collection of reports and protocols from systematic reviews produced by an international collaboration, as well as summaries of reviews and abstracts of randomized controlled trails

Question 10

In a large urban health department, a decision has been made related to the type of support nurses provide to the male partners of pregnant teens. After the decision has been made, describe eight things that need to happen in order to implement the change successfully.

Accepted Answer

- need to gather organization support fo

Question 11

A group of nurses have questions about the effectiveness of assessing post-surgical clients over the telephone versus assessing post-surgical clients at home. What type of research article would be most useful for the nurses to review?

Accepted Answer

A)  Qualitative ethnography 
B)  Cohort studies 
C)  Randomized controlled trails 
D)  Participatory action research 
A)  Qualitative ethnography 
B)  Cohort studies 
C)  Randomized controlled trails 
D)  Participatory action research

Question 12

A nurse reads in a journal article, "Participants were randomized into an intervention group. The intervention group was to receive an epidural in labour. All the birth outcomes of the intervention group were analyzed in that group, regardless of whether the participants received an epidural or not." What concept is illustrated in this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A double blinded study 
B)  Researcher bias 
C)  Intention-to-treat analysis 
D)  Allocation concealment 
A)  A double blinded study 
B)  Researcher bias 
C)  Intention-to-treat analysis 
D)  Allocation concealment

Question 13

Angela and Kerry are nurses working in partnership with a university research unit on a community project focusing on women experiencing homelessness. They are using action-oriented research. What type of research are they most likely to be engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grounded theory 
B)  Randomized clinical trials 
C)  Participatory action 
D)  Phenomenology 
A)  Grounded theory 
B)  Randomized clinical trials 
C)  Participatory action 
D)  Phenomenology

Question 14

Which statement most accurately describes a randomized controlled study design?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher examines the individual histories of a group of people manifesting a particular disease to find out what common factors they share and what differences can be discerned 
B)  Questions and interventions that evolve through partnerships between researchers and participants 
C)  This is the best design for answering questions about the effectiveness or harms of a certain intervention 
D)  Questions exploring perceptions, feeling, and experiences are best answered by this study design 
A)  The researcher examines the individual histories of a group of people manifesting a particular disease to find out what common factors they share and what differences can be discerned 
B)  Questions and interventions that evolve through partnerships between researchers and participants 
C)  This is the best design for answering questions about the effectiveness or harms of a certain intervention 
D)  Questions exploring perceptions, feeling, and experiences are best answered by this study design

Question 15

Describe how CHNs are involved in community health research.

Accepted Answer

-CHNs are involved in many different typ

Question 16

Nurses need to ask critical questions to evaluate interventions and consider alternative options. To find relevant research, practice questions need to be structured and include which of the following components? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Population 
B)  Intervention 
C)  Comparison 
D)  Outcomes 
E)  None of above 
A)  Population 
B)  Intervention 
C)  Comparison 
D)  Outcomes 
E)  None of above

Question 17

Which is the best description of evidence-informed nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incorporation of research findings into policies and procedures that directly affect patient care at the bedside 
B)  Intuitive nursing practice based on evidence gained through extensive clinical practice 
C)  Conscientious and judicious use of best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals patients 
D)  Integration of clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence 
A)  Incorporation of research findings into policies and procedures that directly affect patient care at the bedside 
B)  Intuitive nursing practice based on evidence gained through extensive clinical practice 
C)  Conscientious and judicious use of best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals patients 
D)  Integration of clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence

Question 18

A nurse is reading an article by Heater, Becker, and Olson (1988), who conducted a meta-analysis to determine the contribution of research-based nursing practice to client outcomes. What conclusion did the authors reach about clients who received research-based nursing care versus those who received routine nursing care?

Accepted Answer

A)  No appreciable difference between the two groups 
B)  Made sizeable gains in behavioural knowledge and physiological and psychosocial outcomes 
C)  Increased their behavioural knowledge but did not make gains in physiological and psychosocial outcomes 
D)  Increased insignificantly in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour related to healthy lifestyle choices 
A)  No appreciable difference between the two groups 
B)  Made sizeable gains in behavioural knowledge and physiological and psychosocial outcomes 
C)  Increased their behavioural knowledge but did not make gains in physiological and psychosocial outcomes 
D)  Increased insignificantly in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour related to healthy lifestyle choices

Question 19

What are the three major questions used to critically appraise primary studies of treatment or prevention? Give two secondary questions related to each major question.

Accepted Answer

a) Are the results valid?
- Was randomiz

Question 20

What type of health research are community health nurses most likely to be involved in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Randomized clinical trials 
B)  Client outcome studies 
C)  Program evaluation using process outcomes 
D)  Principle investigators of a qualitative study 
A)  Randomized clinical trials 
B)  Client outcome studies 
C)  Program evaluation using process outcomes 
D)  Principle investigators of a qualitative study

Exam 10: Research

Write one clinical question related to community health nursing practice for qualitative questions of how and why.

A nursing student is learning to critically appraise studies on treatment or prevention. What question best addresses whether the results of the study are valid?

What can be included in a systematic review of community health nursing research studies?

A nurse is attempting to conduct a search of the literature related to the use of condoms by men who have sex with men. What activity will allow the nurse to conduct the most efficient search?

What website is the preferred source of pre-appraised research for community health nurses?

What is the best course of action for nurses to follow when there is no research evidence to support practice?

What is the time lag between when technical information is generated and the time it is used in actual practice?

A student nurse has been asked to write a clinical question that includes the elements of a structured question. Which one of the following questions meets these criteria?

What is the Cochrane Library?

In a large urban health department, a decision has been made related to the type of support nurses provide to the male partners of pregnant teens. After the decision has been made, describe eight things that need to happen in order to implement the change successfully.

A group of nurses have questions about the effectiveness of assessing post-surgical clients over the telephone versus assessing post-surgical clients at home. What type of research article would be most useful for the nurses to review?

Angela and Kerry are nurses working in partnership with a university research unit on a community project focusing on women experiencing homelessness. They are using action-oriented research. What type of research are they most likely to be engaging in?

Which statement most accurately describes a randomized controlled study design?

Describe how CHNs are involved in community health research.

Nurses need to ask critical questions to evaluate interventions and consider alternative options. To find relevant research, practice questions need to be structured and include which of the following components? Select all that apply.

Which is the best description of evidence-informed nursing practice?

What are the three major questions used to critically appraise primary studies of treatment or prevention? Give two secondary questions related to each major question.

What type of health research are community health nurses most likely to be involved in?

The History of Community Health Nursing in Canada

Policy, Politics, and Power in Health Care

Nursing Roles, Functions, and Practice Settings

Public Health Nursing

Home Health Nursing in Canada

Advocacy, Ethical, and Legal Considerations

Theoretical Foundations of Community Health Nursing

Health Promotion

Race, Culture, and Health

Epidemiology

Communicable Diseases

Community Nursing Process

Community Health Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation

Digital Health

Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health

School Health

Family Nursing

Gender and Community Health

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Two Spirit Clients

Older Adult Health

Indigenous Health

Community Mental Health

Rural and Remote Health

Chronic Care, Long-Term Care, and Palliative Care

Correctional Health

Ecological Determinants of Health and Environmental Health Inequities

Violence and Health

Poverty, Homelessness, and Food Insecurity

Substance Use

Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Nursing

Global Health

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