Question 1

Are stages of the life course the same in all societies? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The stages of the life course are not the same in all societies. While there are some universal stages such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, the specific expectations and experiences associated with each stage can vary greatly across different cultures and societies.

Cultural norms, values, and traditions play a significant role in shaping the stages of the life course in a particular society. For example, in some cultures, the transition to adulthood may be marked by specific rites of passage or ceremonies, while in others it may be defined by achieving certain milestones such as completing education, getting married, or starting a career.

Additionally, the roles and responsibilities associated with each stage of life can also differ across societies. For instance, the expectations for elderly individuals and their role within the family and community can vary widely, from being revered and respected to being marginalized and isolated.

Furthermore, economic and social factors can also influence the stages of the life course. In societies with limited resources, individuals may be expected to take on adult responsibilities at a younger age, while in more affluent societies, there may be greater emphasis on prolonged education and delayed entry into the workforce.

In conclusion, while there are universal stages of the life course, the specific experiences and expectations associated with each stage can vary significantly across different societies due to cultural, economic, and social factors.

Question 2

According to the textbook, which of the following best characterizes parents who encourage their children by telling them that they can do whatever they set their minds to?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are right to a degree, but should also consider societal influences on success. 
B)  They are right concerning today's society, but would have been wrong in the past. 
C)  They are completely right. 
D)  They are completely wrong. 
A)  They are right to a degree, but should also consider societal influences on success. 
B)  They are right concerning today's society, but would have been wrong in the past. 
C)  They are completely right. 
D)  They are completely wrong. A

Question 3

A young mother is raising a 4-year-old boy and a 3-year-old girl. She makes a point of dressing her children in distinctly masculine or feminine clothes and encourages her son to play with trucks and race cars and her daughter to play with dolls. Which of the following best describes what this mother is doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary socialization 
B)  gender stereotyping 
C)  gender role socialization 
D)  cultural cultivation 
A)  secondary socialization 
B)  gender stereotyping 
C)  gender role socialization 
D)  cultural cultivation C

Question 4

Which of the following has the most influence over the portrayal of gender in mass media?

Accepted Answer

A)  owners and producers of mass media 
B)  parents of youth audiences 
C)  youth audiences 
D)  politicians 
A)  owners and producers of mass media 
B)  parents of youth audiences 
C)  youth audiences 
D)  politicians

Question 5

Next summer Heather is going to Italy for a year at a journalism school. In the meantime, she has enrolled in an Italian language course and has also got permission from a local journalist to observe her at work when she covers stories in her hometown. What is Heather engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)  anticipatory socialization 
B)  secondary socialization 
C)  anticipatory acculturation 
D)  secondary acculturation 
A)  anticipatory socialization 
B)  secondary socialization 
C)  anticipatory acculturation 
D)  secondary acculturation

Question 6

What do sociologists call a ceremony that signals the personal transformation from one status to another, and that ties the person to a new group?

Accepted Answer

A)  an institutional ritual 
B)  an initiation rite 
C)  primary socialization 
D)  brainwashing 
A)  an institutional ritual 
B)  an initiation rite 
C)  primary socialization 
D)  brainwashing

Question 7

Illustrate how cultural differences can result in cognitive differences.

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences can result in cogni

Question 8

In total institutions, resocialization is often slow and incomplete due to the absence of initiation rites.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Sometimes an expectation leads people to create the very situation that they predicted. What is this phenomenon known as?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
B)  second vision 
C)  the Thomas theorem 
D)  hidden curriculum 
A)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
B)  second vision 
C)  the Thomas theorem 
D)  hidden curriculum

Question 10

Define and compare the concepts of significant other and generalized other.

Accepted Answer

The concept of significant other and gen

Question 11

For sociologists, the development of cognitive and moral skills represents a natural unfolding of an individual's personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Apply Cooley's concept of looking-glass self to a contemporary issue such as eating disorders, elective surgeries, or steroid use.

Accepted Answer

Cooley's concept of the looking-glass se

Question 13

Research has shown that teachers can influence the outcome of tests by telling randomly assigned students that they are going to do well on those tests. What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
B)  status conflict 
C)  role conflict 
D)  hidden curriculum 
A)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
B)  status conflict 
C)  role conflict 
D)  hidden curriculum

Question 14

Which of the following statements is consistent with the Thomas theorem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents and teachers cooperate closely. 
B)  Extracurricular activities are essential for students' success. 
C)  Teachers' expectations influence students' success. 
D)  The educational system is strictly merit-based. 
A)  Parents and teachers cooperate closely. 
B)  Extracurricular activities are essential for students' success. 
C)  Teachers' expectations influence students' success. 
D)  The educational system is strictly merit-based.

Question 15

What is the principal lesson of the Stanford prison experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-preservation is weakly related to social circumstances. 
B)  Self-concept is weakly related to social circumstances. 
C)  Self-concept is strongly related to social circumstances. 
D)  Self-preservation is strongly related to social circumstances. 
A)  Self-preservation is weakly related to social circumstances. 
B)  Self-concept is weakly related to social circumstances. 
C)  Self-concept is strongly related to social circumstances. 
D)  Self-preservation is strongly related to social circumstances.

Question 16

Based on the research described in the textbook, which of the following is typical of children reared in isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have difficulties forming intimate social relationships. 
B)  They have a strong sense of self. 
C)  They are unable to progress beyond the concrete operational stage of thinking. 
D)  They lack what Freud called "id" impulses. 
A)  They have difficulties forming intimate social relationships. 
B)  They have a strong sense of self. 
C)  They are unable to progress beyond the concrete operational stage of thinking. 
D)  They lack what Freud called "id" impulses.

Question 17

Which of the following is an important characteristic of a peer group?

Accepted Answer

A)  similar ideology 
B)  similar behaviour 
C)  similar role-sets 
D)  similar status 
A)  similar ideology 
B)  similar behaviour 
C)  similar role-sets 
D)  similar status

Question 18

For George Herbert Mead, the "me" is the subjective side of the self and the "I" is the objective side, learned in the course of social interaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In preindustrial societies, why were children expected to grow up quickly?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was believed this would protect them from abuse. 
B)  In traditional societies, people were quicker at developing a mature sense of self. 
C)  It was due to the religious teachings of the time. 
D)  It was a social necessity. 
A)  It was believed this would protect them from abuse. 
B)  In traditional societies, people were quicker at developing a mature sense of self. 
C)  It was due to the religious teachings of the time. 
D)  It was a social necessity.

Question 20

What is the dominant socializing agent from middle childhood through adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  the family 
B)  a school 
C)  a peer group 
D)  the mass media 
A)  the family 
B)  a school 
C)  a peer group 
D)  the mass media

Exam 4: Socialization

Are stages of the life course the same in all societies? Why or why not?

According to the textbook, which of the following best characterizes parents who encourage their children by telling them that they can do whatever they set their minds to?

Which of the following has the most influence over the portrayal of gender in mass media?

Next summer Heather is going to Italy for a year at a journalism school. In the meantime, she has enrolled in an Italian language course and has also got permission from a local journalist to observe her at work when she covers stories in her hometown. What is Heather engaging in?

What do sociologists call a ceremony that signals the personal transformation from one status to another, and that ties the person to a new group?

Illustrate how cultural differences can result in cognitive differences.

In total institutions, resocialization is often slow and incomplete due to the absence of initiation rites.

Sometimes an expectation leads people to create the very situation that they predicted. What is this phenomenon known as?

Define and compare the concepts of significant other and generalized other.

For sociologists, the development of cognitive and moral skills represents a natural unfolding of an individual's personality.

Apply Cooley's concept of looking-glass self to a contemporary issue such as eating disorders, elective surgeries, or steroid use.

Research has shown that teachers can influence the outcome of tests by telling randomly assigned students that they are going to do well on those tests. What does this example illustrate?

Which of the following statements is consistent with the Thomas theorem?

What is the principal lesson of the Stanford prison experiment?

Based on the research described in the textbook, which of the following is typical of children reared in isolation?

Which of the following is an important characteristic of a peer group?

For George Herbert Mead, the "me" is the subjective side of the self and the "I" is the objective side, learned in the course of social interaction.

In preindustrial societies, why were children expected to grow up quickly?

What is the dominant socializing agent from middle childhood through adolescence?

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