Question 1

What have archival analyses of sexually explicit materials revealed about pornography usage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women are more likely to subscribe to pornography sites. 
B)  Liberals in "blue" states are the largest subscribers to pornography sites. 
C)  Residents of "blue" and "red" states are equally likely to subscribe to pornography sites. 
D)  Residents of "red" states are the largest subscribers to pornography sites. 
A)  Women are more likely to subscribe to pornography sites. 
B)  Liberals in "blue" states are the largest subscribers to pornography sites. 
C)  Residents of "blue" and "red" states are equally likely to subscribe to pornography sites. 
D)  Residents of "red" states are the largest subscribers to pornography sites.

Question 2

The primary strength of correlational research is that it can be used to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  determine the causes of behavior 
B)  explain a behavior 
C)  predict behavior 
D)  manipulate a behavior 
A)  determine the causes of behavior 
B)  explain a behavior 
C)  predict behavior 
D)  manipulate a behavior

Question 3

__________ research involves systematic examination of the documents or records of a culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic 
B)  Archival 
C)  Participant observational 
D)  Cross-sectional 
A)  Systematic 
B)  Archival 
C)  Participant observational 
D)  Cross-sectional

Question 4

Ethnography can be defined as the method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or culture by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  independently observing and coding a set of data 
B)  examining the accumulated documents of that culture, such as newspapers 
C)  asking questions of a representative sample of people by means such as telephone interviews 
D)  observing it from the inside, without imposing any preconceived notions 
A)  independently observing and coding a set of data 
B)  examining the accumulated documents of that culture, such as newspapers 
C)  asking questions of a representative sample of people by means such as telephone interviews 
D)  observing it from the inside, without imposing any preconceived notions

Question 5

A researcher interested in testing a __________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive 
B)  correlational 
C)  causal 
D)  theoretical 
A)  descriptive 
B)  correlational 
C)  causal 
D)  theoretical

Question 6

A cult in the 1950s believed that the world was coming to an end very soon. Researcher Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied this cult by joining the group and pretending to share these beliefs. What research method were they using?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archival analysis 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Correlational study 
D)  Field experiment 
A)  Archival analysis 
B)  Ethnography 
C)  Correlational study 
D)  Field experiment

Question 7

Dr. Lim conducts a study in which he places either an expensive or a cheap purse on a park bench. He then counts how many people try to return the purse to its owner. What kind of study is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experiment 
B)  Field experiment 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Observational 
A)  Experiment 
B)  Field experiment 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Observational

Question 8

Researchers conduct an experiment in which participants watch either a violent film or a nonviolent film. After watching the film, the researchers take saliva samples from participants to test for levels of a hormone called testosterone. According to the authors of your text, which field of psychology are these researchers from?

Accepted Answer

A)  Correlational design 
B)  Evolutionary psychology 
C)  Social neuroscience 
D)  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 
A)  Correlational design 
B)  Evolutionary psychology 
C)  Social neuroscience 
D)  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 9

Which of the following situations is LEAST likely to result in diffusion of responsibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  An entire neighborhood hears screams coming from the street. 
B)  While attending a baseball game at the stadium, several people witness a woman punch a friend in the mouth. 
C)  Several people observe two men fighting. 
D)  Jim and Bob observe a young woman being abused in a parking lot. 
A)  An entire neighborhood hears screams coming from the street. 
B)  While attending a baseball game at the stadium, several people witness a woman punch a friend in the mouth. 
C)  Several people observe two men fighting. 
D)  Jim and Bob observe a young woman being abused in a parking lot.

Question 10

How do social psychologists who do basic research differ from social psychologists who do applied research?

Accepted Answer

Basic research is conducted to satisfy s

Question 11

Which of the following is a serious shortcoming of the correlational approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is difficult for social psychologists to secure a random sample. 
B)  Causal inferences based on correlational data are often faulty. 
C)  There is always some third variable that accounts for the correlation. 
D)  Surveys are often poorly designed, leading to erroneous conclusions. 
A)  It is difficult for social psychologists to secure a random sample. 
B)  Causal inferences based on correlational data are often faulty. 
C)  There is always some third variable that accounts for the correlation. 
D)  Surveys are often poorly designed, leading to erroneous conclusions.

Question 12

What is the function of an institutional review board (IRB)?

Accepted Answer

A)  To peer-review results from experiments and suggest appropriate replications 
B)  To perform a meta-analysis on all studies about a given phenomenon 
C)  To review proposals for research and decide whether they meet ethical guidelines 
D)  To assess the psychological realism of proposed psychological research 
A)  To peer-review results from experiments and suggest appropriate replications 
B)  To perform a meta-analysis on all studies about a given phenomenon 
C)  To review proposals for research and decide whether they meet ethical guidelines 
D)  To assess the psychological realism of proposed psychological research

Question 13

The authors of your text state that the basic dilemma of the social psychologist is the trade-off between internal and external validity. What is the best way to resolve this dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Focus on internal validity, because it is the most important for establishing causal relationships 
B)  Focus on external validity, because this demonstrates how research generalizes to other people and situations 
C)  Use both observational and correlational approaches to research 
D)  Replicate results using both laboratory and field studies to maximize both types of validity 
A)  Focus on internal validity, because it is the most important for establishing causal relationships 
B)  Focus on external validity, because this demonstrates how research generalizes to other people and situations 
C)  Use both observational and correlational approaches to research 
D)  Replicate results using both laboratory and field studies to maximize both types of validity

Question 14

Provide a hypothesis that can be tested using the experimental method. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in your experiment.

Accepted Answer

Whatever the hypothesis, the independent

Question 15

Latané and Darley (1968) told participants that they were interested in the kind of problems that college students experience. This explanation to their participants was the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  cover story 
D)  experimental debriefing 
A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  cover story 
D)  experimental debriefing

Question 16

By controlling all extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions, an experimenter can achieve high __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  interjudge reliability 
B)  generalizability 
C)  replicability 
D)  internal validity 
A)  interjudge reliability 
B)  generalizability 
C)  replicability 
D)  internal validity

Question 17

If a researcher were to observe women exercising and then men exercising and compare these groups, why would this not be considered an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The experimenter is not manipulating anything. 
B)  The study is biased. 
C)  There is no prior evidence that gender is related to one's preferred type of exercise. 
D)  An experiment must involve at least three different conditions. 
A)  The experimenter is not manipulating anything. 
B)  The study is biased. 
C)  There is no prior evidence that gender is related to one's preferred type of exercise. 
D)  An experiment must involve at least three different conditions.

Question 18

A researcher is designing an experiment, and ensures that each participant is equally likely to be in one condition as another. He does not assign them based on any characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, or personality. This researcher is __________ participants.

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly assigning 
B)  meta-analyzing 
C)  randomly selecting 
D)  generalizing 
A)  randomly assigning 
B)  meta-analyzing 
C)  randomly selecting 
D)  generalizing

Question 19

Rosenberg and his colleagues (1992) conducted a study that found that women who relied on the diaphragm or contraceptive sponge had fewer STDs than women who used condoms. The media jumped to the conclusion that condom use contributes to STDs. Of the limitations of this study, which one should have prevented the media from drawing a causal conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women who use public clinics are not representative of women in the U.S. 
B)  The researchers did not study women who were on the pill. 
C)  The choice to use condoms may have stemmed from STD contraction rather than the reverse. 
D)  No such relationship between birth control device and STDs exists for men. 
A)  Women who use public clinics are not representative of women in the U.S. 
B)  The researchers did not study women who were on the pill. 
C)  The choice to use condoms may have stemmed from STD contraction rather than the reverse. 
D)  No such relationship between birth control device and STDs exists for men.

Question 20

A researcher conducted a survey and found a negative correlation between education and the tendency to resort to violence during disputes. In other words, this researcher found that as education level __________, the tendency to use violence __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases; also decreases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  increases; also increases 
D)  increases; remains the same 
A)  decreases; also decreases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  increases; also increases 
D)  increases; remains the same

What have archival analyses of sexually explicit materials revealed about pornography usage?

The primary strength of correlational research is that it can be used to __________.

__________ research involves systematic examination of the documents or records of a culture.

Ethnography can be defined as the method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or culture by __________.

A researcher interested in testing a __________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

A cult in the 1950s believed that the world was coming to an end very soon. Researcher Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied this cult by joining the group and pretending to share these beliefs. What research method were they using?

Dr. Lim conducts a study in which he places either an expensive or a cheap purse on a park bench. He then counts how many people try to return the purse to its owner. What kind of study is this?

Which of the following situations is LEAST likely to result in diffusion of responsibility?

How do social psychologists who do basic research differ from social psychologists who do applied research?

Which of the following is a serious shortcoming of the correlational approach?

What is the function of an institutional review board (IRB)?

The authors of your text state that the basic dilemma of the social psychologist is the trade-off between internal and external validity. What is the best way to resolve this dilemma?

Provide a hypothesis that can be tested using the experimental method. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in your experiment.

Latané and Darley (1968) told participants that they were interested in the kind of problems that college students experience. This explanation to their participants was the __________.

By controlling all extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions, an experimenter can achieve high __________.

If a researcher were to observe women exercising and then men exercising and compare these groups, why would this not be considered an experiment?

A researcher is designing an experiment, and ensures that each participant is equally likely to be in one condition as another. He does not assign them based on any characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, or personality. This researcher is __________ participants.

A researcher conducted a survey and found a negative correlation between education and the tendency to resort to violence during disputes. In other words, this researcher found that as education level , the tendency to use violence .

Introducing Social Psychology

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

What have archival analyses of sexually explicit materials revealed about pornography usage?

The primary strength of correlational research is that it can be used to __________.

__________ research involves systematic examination of the documents or records of a culture.

Ethnography can be defined as the method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or culture by __________.

A researcher interested in testing a __________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.

A cult in the 1950s believed that the world was coming to an end very soon. Researcher Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied this cult by joining the group and pretending to share these beliefs. What research method were they using?

Dr. Lim conducts a study in which he places either an expensive or a cheap purse on a park bench. He then counts how many people try to return the purse to its owner. What kind of study is this?

Which of the following situations is LEAST likely to result in diffusion of responsibility?

How do social psychologists who do basic research differ from social psychologists who do applied research?

Which of the following is a serious shortcoming of the correlational approach?

What is the function of an institutional review board (IRB)?

The authors of your text state that the basic dilemma of the social psychologist is the trade-off between internal and external validity. What is the best way to resolve this dilemma?

Provide a hypothesis that can be tested using the experimental method. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in your experiment.

Latané and Darley (1968) told participants that they were interested in the kind of problems that college students experience. This explanation to their participants was the __________.

By controlling all extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions, an experimenter can achieve high __________.

If a researcher were to observe women exercising and then men exercising and compare these groups, why would this not be considered an experiment?

A researcher is designing an experiment, and ensures that each participant is equally likely to be in one condition as another. He does not assign them based on any characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, or personality. This researcher is __________ participants.

A researcher conducted a survey and found a negative correlation between education and the tendency to resort to violence during disputes. In other words, this researcher found that as education level __________, the tendency to use violence __________.

Introducing Social Psychology

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

A researcher conducted a survey and found a negative correlation between education and the tendency to resort to violence during disputes. In other words, this researcher found that as education level , the tendency to use violence .