Exam 8: Ethics in Corrections: Guarding Ethically

The Bureau of Justice Statistics for 2011 to 2012 reveal that an estimated 4% of state or federal prisoners and 3.2% of those in jails reported experiencing at least ______ incident(s)of sexual abuse by another inmate or facility staff within the past 12 months.

Transgender inmates are often held in solitary confinement based on PREA laws for "their own protection."

While some argue that whistle-blowing is risky,could lead to retaliation,and should be avoided,there are case studies in which whistle-blowers ______.

Which of Marquart's (1986)forms of coercion was reserved for inmates who violated rules considered sacred?

In its decision in Farmer v.Brennan (1994),the U.S.Supreme Court held that "deliberate indifference resides on a continuum between mere negligence ...[and] something less than acts or omissions for the very purpose of causing harm or with knowledge that harm will result." This case dealt with which of the following?

One study found that 59% of transgender inmates reported having been sexually abused compared with ______% of the general inmate population.

Many probation and parole officers face ethical issues because their role involves the sometimes inconsistent goals of ______.

In which U.S.Supreme Court case did the Court note that it was relevant to look at various factors in deciding whether the officer had inflicted unnecessary and wanton pain and suffering?

Many ethical issues among probation and parole officers arise from their ______.

Which country follows two approaches regarding transgender inmates: a social-based and surgery-based approach?

In 2016,the Department of Justice reported that at year-end 2015 about ______ persons were on parole.

The Eighth Amendment of the U.S.Constitution prohibits cruel and unusual punishment,and this applied to excessive force cases in corrections.According to the U.S.Supreme Court,the test for the legality of use of force against prisoners is whether the force is applied in a ______ effort to maintain or restore discipline,or whether it is applied sadistically and maliciously for the specific purpose of causing harm.

The modern era of corrections brought with it a set of written ethical ______ for correctional officers and management.

In the U.S.,according to the 2018 Transgender Offender Manual,what is the stated policy for providing housing for transgender inmates?

Ethical problems in parole and probation tend to center around the tension between the roles of these institutions as being concerned with both ______.

In which country are transgender inmates often held in solitary confinement based on laws for "their own protection"?

Which of the following is not a finding of recent research on prisons and prison guards?

Legally,a probation officer may ask law enforcement personnel for assistance in searching probationers.

Every state has their own policy dealing with prison officer use of warning shots.What is the common feature of these policies?

Discretionary power does not usually involve questions of ethical conduct.