Exam 13: The Economy and Work in Global Perspective

______________ are large companies that are headquartered in one country but sell and produce goods and services in many countries.

Sociologists establish broad occupational categories by distinguishing between employment in the labor market.The secondary labor market consists of high-paying jobs with good benefits that have some degree of security and the possibility for future advancement.

Define capitalism and describe the four distinct features of "ideal" capitalism.

In regard to the relationship between parental education and income,and children's scores on college admissions tests such as the SAT,the text notes that:

Describe the symbolic interactionist perspective on economy and work in the United States.

Based on symbolic interactionist theory,job satisfaction refers to people's attitudes toward their work.All of the following are factors that contribute to workers' job satisfaction EXCEPT:

The______________labor market consists of high-paying jobs with good benefits that have some degree of security and the possibility of future advancement.

Centralized decision­making-another tenet of socialism is centralized decision­making.In theory,economic decisions are based on the needs of society;the government is responsible for aiding the production and distribution of goods and services.

When discussing the global economy in the future,it is important to note that in March 2013,the U.S.national debt was at more than . _____________

Professionals are______________in that they have licensing,accreditation,and regulatory associations that set professional standards and that require members to adhere to a code of ethics as a form of public accountability.

The economic recession also hit workers with disabilities hard.As of March 2011,persons age 16 years and over with a disability had an unemployment rate of______________percent.

Outline tertiary sector production and the major characteristics of postindustrial economies.

______________ occurs when workers' needs for self­identity and meaning are not met and when work is done strictly for material gain,not for a sense of personal satisfaction.

Sociologists focus on the complex workings of economic systems while economists focus on the interconnections among the economy and other social institutions.

Pursuit of collective goals-ideal socialism is based on the pursuit of______________collective______________goals______________rather______________than______________on personal profits.Equality in decision-making replaces hierarchical relationships (such as between owners and workers or political leaders and citizens).Everyone shares in the goods and services of society,especially necessities such as food,clothing,shelter,and medical care,based on need,not on ability to pay.

______________ unemployment arises because the skills demanded by employers do not match the skills of the unemployed or because the unemployed do not live where the jobs are located.This type of unemployment may be permanent.

Discuss the five major characteristics of professionals.

Public ownership of the means of production-in a truly socialist economy,the means of production are______________ owned and controlled by a collectivity or the state,not by private individuals or corporations.For example,prior to the early 1990s,the state owned all the natural resources and almost all the capital in former Soviet Union.At least in theory,goods were produced to meet the needs of the people.Access to housing and medical care__________________________________________was considered to be a right.Leaders of the former Soviet Union and some Eastern European nations decided____________________________to abandon government ownership and control of the means of production because the system was______________ unresponsive to the needs of the marketplace and offered no incentive for increased efficiency.Since the____________________________ 1990s,Russia and other states in the former Soviet Union have attempted to privatize ownership of production.______________ In privatization,resources are converted from state ownership to private ownership;the government takes an active role in developing,recognizing,and protecting private property rights.

As workers grew tired of toiling for the benefit of capitalists instead of for themselves,some of them banded together to form the first national labor union,the______________,in 1869.

______________ work is part-time work,temporary work,or subcontracted work that offers advantages to employers but can be detrimental to the welfare of workers.This type of work is found in every segment of the work force.