Exam 19: Population and Urbanization

Sociologist Robert Park based his analysis of the city on______________,which is the study of the relationship between people and their physical environment.

The most basic measure of fertility is the______________rate.

______________ is the process by which some societies have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development.

______________ is the actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population.

People migrate either voluntarily or involuntarily.All of the following are "push" factors of voluntary migration at the international level EXCEPT:

According to sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker,______________refers to the human actors,including developers,business elites,and activists protesting development,who are involved in decisions about land use.

According to sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems theory,the wealthy in peripheral nations support the exploitation of poor workers by core nation capitalists in return for maintaining their own wealth and position.Poverty is thus perpetuated,and the problems worsen because of the unprecedented population growth in these countries.

One measure of population composition is the sex ratio.In the United States,the estimated sex ratio for 2003 was 96.3,which means there were about 96 females per 100 males.

Based on urban ecologist Homer Hoyt's sector model,residences of a particular type and value tend to grow inward from the outskirts of the city in a circular pattern with the less-expensive residential neighborhoods located along the higher ground near lakes and rivers.

______________ is a subfield of sociology that examines population size,composition,and distribution.

During the demographic transition stage of______________,little population growth occurs because high birth rates are offset by high death rates.Food shortages,poor sanitation,and lack of adequate medical care contribute to high rates of infant and child mortality.

______________ argue that overpopulation and rapid population growth result in global warming,rain-forest destruction,and vulnerability to epidemics.

According to sociologist______________,urban life is highly stimulating,and it shapes people's thoughts and actions.Urban residents are influenced by the quick pace of the city and the pervasiveness of economic relations in everyday life.

International migration has occurred throughout U.S.history and has significantly changed the distribution of the population over time.For example,in the late 19^th century and early 20^th century,thousands of people moved from rural to urban areas.

______________ was one of the first scholars to systematically study the effects of population.He argued that "the power of population is infinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce subsistence (food)for man."

Marx and Engels made a significant contribution to the study of demography by suggesting that ,not overpopulation,is the most important issue with regard to food supply in a capitalist economy.

The largest preindustrial city was:

Although population growth has slowed in the United States,the world's population of 7.1 billion in 2012 is increasing by______________people each day as a result of the larger number of births than deaths worldwide.

Which of the following statements regarding Ferdinand Tönnies' typology of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft is FALSE?

Since______________,a dramatic population shift has occurred in the United States as thousands of families have moved from cities to suburbs.