Exam 19: Population and Urbanization

According to sociologist______________,the size,density,and heterogeneity of urban populations typically result in an elaborate division of labor and in spatial segregation of people by race/ethnicity,social class,religion,and/or lifestyle.

According to some contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective,the greatest crisis today facing low-income nations is______________,which refers to the lack of adequate money or property to maintain a business.

According to sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker,______________include(s)governmental protection of the right to own and dispose of privately held property as owners see fit,and the role of government officials in promoting the interests of business elites and large corporations.

According to sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies,Gesellschaft is a society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability,such that people have a commitment to the entire group and feel a sense of togetherness.

Many sociological studies use______________analysis as a component of the research design because all aspects of social life are affected by it.For example,an important relationship exists between population size and the availability of food,water,energy,and housing.

During the demographic transition stage of______________,birth rates continue to decline as more women gain full-time employment and the cost of raising children continues to increase.The population grows very slowly,if at all,because the decrease in birth rates is coupled with a stable death rate.

Describe the study of demography and define basic demographic concepts.

According to sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker,______________refers to the profits that industrialists,developers,bankers,and others make from buying,selling,and developing land and buildings.

Cities are a relatively recent innovation when compared to the length of human existence.

______________ typically identify rural communities as small,sparsely settled areas that have a relatively homogeneous population of people who primarily engage in agriculture.

______________ is the potential number of children who could be born if every woman reproduced at her maximum biological capacity.

Sociologist Ernest Burgess developed the______________,which is a description of the process of urban growth that views the city as a series of circular areas,each characterized by a different type of land use that developed from a central core.

The Massachusetts Turnpike corridor west of Boston and the Perimeter area north of Atlanta are examples of urban fringes,or edge cities.

______________ are a series of bar graphs divided into five-year age cohorts,with the left side depicting the number or percentage of males in each age bracket;the right side provides the same information for females.

According to sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker,three major themes prevail in political economy models of urban growth.Which of the following is NOT one of these?

______________ refers to the physical location of people throughout a geographic area.

According to sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker,______________is the utility of space,land,and buildings for everyday life,family life,and neighborhood life.

Describe problems in global cities.

Sociologist Emile Durkheim applied natural ecology to his analysis of organic solidarity,characterized by a simple division of labor and shared religious beliefs such as those found in small,agrarian societies;and mechanical solidarity,characterized by interdependence based on the elaborate division of labor found in large,urban societies.

Exurban areas tend to be overwhelmingly nonwhite.