Question 1

Which of the following types of proteins are synthesized by the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomal proteins 
B) cytosolic proteins 
C) mitochondrial proteins 
D) lysosomal proteins 
A) ribosomal proteins 
B) cytosolic proteins 
C) mitochondrial proteins 
D) lysosomal proteins

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct match between a cytoskeletal element and its function?

Accepted Answer

A) microfilaments and intracellular vesicle transport 
B) microtubules and cleavage furrow formation 
C) microfilaments and flagellar motility 
D) intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic streaming 
E) microtubules and chromosome movement 
A) microfilaments and intracellular vesicle transport 
B) microtubules and cleavage furrow formation 
C) microfilaments and flagellar motility 
D) intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic streaming 
E) microtubules and chromosome movement

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Transport vesicles move between organelles of the endomembrane system independently from the cytoskeleton. 
B) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression,whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). 
C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli. 
A) Transport vesicles move between organelles of the endomembrane system independently from the cytoskeleton. 
B) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression,whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). 
C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli.

Question 4

Which of the following organelles are enclosed by a double membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) only nuclei 
B) only central vacuoles 
C) nuclei and chloroplasts 
D) nuclei and lysosomes 
A) only nuclei 
B) only central vacuoles 
C) nuclei and chloroplasts 
D) nuclei and lysosomes

Question 5

The cell walls of bacteria,fungi,and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane.Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A) They have pores that regulate the exchange of water and small molecules between cells and their environment. 
B) They are composed of complex mixtures of lipids and carbohydrates. 
C) They provide a rigid structure that prevents the uptake of excess water into cells. 
D) They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly. 
A) They have pores that regulate the exchange of water and small molecules between cells and their environment. 
B) They are composed of complex mixtures of lipids and carbohydrates. 
C) They provide a rigid structure that prevents the uptake of excess water into cells. 
D) They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly.

Question 6

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Accepted Answer

A) plasmodesmata. 
B) intermediate filaments. 
C) tight junctions. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) gap junctions. 
A) plasmodesmata. 
B) intermediate filaments. 
C) tight junctions. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) gap junctions.

Question 7

Centrioles,cilia,flagella,and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements.Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?

Accepted Answer

A) Cilia and flagella are derived from the centrioles. 
B) Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures. 
C) Centrioles are derived from cilia and/or flagella. 
D) Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular patterns in the evolution of each of these structures. 
A) Cilia and flagella are derived from the centrioles. 
B) Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures. 
C) Centrioles are derived from cilia and/or flagella. 
D) Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular patterns in the evolution of each of these structures.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway taken by a protein destined for secretion from an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma membrane → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → rough ER 
B) Golgi → rough ER → transport vesicle → plasma membrane 
C) rough ER → transport vesicle → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane 
D) rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane 
E) rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → lysosome → plasma membrane 
A) plasma membrane → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → rough ER 
B) Golgi → rough ER → transport vesicle → plasma membrane 
C) rough ER → transport vesicle → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane 
D) rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane 
E) rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → lysosome → plasma membrane

Question 9

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a double membrane structure. 
B) It is not involved in protein synthesis. 
C) It produces a special class of transport vesicles. 
D) It is not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi. 
A) It has a double membrane structure. 
B) It is not involved in protein synthesis. 
C) It produces a special class of transport vesicles. 
D) It is not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi.

Question 10

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A) microtubules and motor proteins 
B) actin filaments and microtubules 
C) actin filaments and motor proteins 
D) centrioles and motor proteins 
A) microtubules and motor proteins 
B) actin filaments and microtubules 
C) actin filaments and motor proteins 
D) centrioles and motor proteins

Question 11

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted by a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) lysosome 
B) peroxisome 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
A) lysosome 
B) peroxisome 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Cell fractionation is commonly used in biological research to

Accepted Answer

A) sort cells based on their size and weight. 
B) visualize the 3-D structure of cell membranes. 
C) isolate organelles to examine their biological functions. 
D) examine the distribution of organelles within the cell. 
A) sort cells based on their size and weight. 
B) visualize the 3-D structure of cell membranes. 
C) isolate organelles to examine their biological functions. 
D) examine the distribution of organelles within the cell.

Question 13

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes,DNA,ribosomes,plasma membrane,chloroplasts,and mitochondria.It could be

Accepted Answer

A) a bacterial cell. 
B) a plant cell but not an animal cell. 
C) an archaeal cell or a plant cell. 
D) an animal cell or a plant cell. 
A) a bacterial cell. 
B) a plant cell but not an animal cell. 
C) an archaeal cell or a plant cell. 
D) an animal cell or a plant cell.

Question 14

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth ER 
B) lysosomes 
C) rough ER 
D) Golgi vesicles 
E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes 
A) smooth ER 
B) lysosomes 
C) rough ER 
D) Golgi vesicles 
E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 15

What is the primary reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM)can resolve biological structures as small as 2 nm,whereas 200 nm is the limit of resolution for a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A) Diffraction of light by a light microscope distorts the image. 
B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D) TEM is used to visualize very thin sections of cells. 
A) Diffraction of light by a light microscope distorts the image. 
B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D) TEM is used to visualize very thin sections of cells.

Question 16

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) lysosome 
B) vacuole 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisome 
A) lysosome 
B) vacuole 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisome

Question 17

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization.A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to

Accepted Answer

A) perform amoeboid movement. 
B) form cleavage furrows. 
C) contract muscle fibers. 
D) extend pseudopodia. 
E) move vesicles within the cell. 
A) perform amoeboid movement. 
B) form cleavage furrows. 
C) contract muscle fibers. 
D) extend pseudopodia. 
E) move vesicles within the cell.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is a plausible description of some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B) The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
C) Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes may be synthesized on ribosomes that are associated with the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
D) In prokaryotes,the ribosomes that are involved in the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. 
A) Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B) The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
C) Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes may be synthesized on ribosomes that are associated with the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
D) In prokaryotes,the ribosomes that are involved in the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell.

Question 19

A biologist wants to examine the surfaces of different types of cells in kidney tubules of small mammals.The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape,size,and 3-D characteristics.Which of the following would be the optimum method for her study?

Accepted Answer

A) transmission electron microscopy 
B) cell fractionation 
C) light microscopy using stained sections of kidney tissue 
D) light microscopy of living unstained material 
E) scanning electron microscopy 
A) transmission electron microscopy 
B) cell fractionation 
C) light microscopy using stained sections of kidney tissue 
D) light microscopy of living unstained material 
E) scanning electron microscopy

Question 20

One advantage of light microscopy over transmission electron microscopy is that

Accepted Answer

A) specimen preparation for light microcopy does not produce artifacts. 
B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than transmission electron microscopy. 
C) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than transmission electron microscopy. 
D) light microscopy allows you to view dynamic processes in living cells. 
A) specimen preparation for light microcopy does not produce artifacts. 
B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than transmission electron microscopy. 
C) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than transmission electron microscopy. 
D) light microscopy allows you to view dynamic processes in living cells.

Exam 4: A Tour of the Cell

Which of the following types of proteins are synthesized by the rough ER?

Which of the following is a correct match between a cytoskeletal element and its function?

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is correct?

Which of the following organelles are enclosed by a double membrane?

The cell walls of bacteria,fungi,and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane.Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Centrioles,cilia,flagella,and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements.Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway taken by a protein destined for secretion from an animal cell?

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted by a eukaryotic cell?

Cell fractionation is commonly used in biological research to

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes,DNA,ribosomes,plasma membrane,chloroplasts,and mitochondria.It could be

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?

What is the primary reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM)can resolve biological structures as small as 2 nm,whereas 200 nm is the limit of resolution for a light microscope?

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization.A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to

Which of the following statements is a plausible description of some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

A biologist wants to examine the surfaces of different types of cells in kidney tubules of small mammals.The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape,size,and 3-D characteristics.Which of the following would be the optimum method for her study?

One advantage of light microscopy over transmission electron microscopy is that

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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