Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of the pine life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) Cones are homologous to the capsules of moss plants. 
B) The pine tree is a gametophyte. 
C) Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis. 
D) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes. 
A) Cones are homologous to the capsules of moss plants. 
B) The pine tree is a gametophyte. 
C) Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis. 
D) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

Question 2

When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter,what are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter?

Accepted Answer

A) chitin 
B) fungal enzymes 
C) increased oxygen levels 
D) larger bacterial populations 
A) chitin 
B) fungal enzymes 
C) increased oxygen levels 
D) larger bacterial populations

Question 3

The seed coat's most important function is to provide

Accepted Answer

A) a nonstressful environment for the megasporangium. 
B) a means for dispersal. 
C) dormancy. 
D) a nutrient supply for the embryo. 
E) protection for the embryo. 
A) a nonstressful environment for the megasporangium. 
B) a means for dispersal. 
C) dormancy. 
D) a nutrient supply for the embryo. 
E) protection for the embryo.

Question 4

What is the ploidy of a single mature ascospore?

Accepted Answer

A) haploid 
B) diploid 
C) triploid (three homologous sets of chromosomes) 
D) tetraploid (four homologous sets of chromosomes) 
A) haploid 
B) diploid 
C) triploid (three homologous sets of chromosomes) 
D) tetraploid (four homologous sets of chromosomes)

Question 5

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

A) by nourishing the plants that make them 
B) by facilitating dispersal of seeds 
C) by attracting insects to the pollen inside 
D) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat 
A) by nourishing the plants that make them 
B) by facilitating dispersal of seeds 
C) by attracting insects to the pollen inside 
D) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat

Question 6

Please use the following information to answer the questions below.
In onions (Allium),cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus.
-How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 16 
D) 24 
E) 32 
A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 16 
D) 24 
E) 32

Question 7

On the Pacific island of Guam,large herbivorous bats called "flying foxes" commonly feed on cycad seeds,a potent source of neurotoxins.The flying foxes do not visit male cones.Consequently,what should be true?

Accepted Answer

A) The flying foxes are attracted to cycad fruit and eat the enclosed seeds only by accident. 
B) Flying foxes are highly susceptible to the effects of the neurotoxins. 
C) The flying foxes assist the beetles as important pollinating agents of the cycads. 
D) Flying foxes can be dispersal agents of cycad seeds when they swallow the seeds whole (without getting chewed). 
A) The flying foxes are attracted to cycad fruit and eat the enclosed seeds only by accident. 
B) Flying foxes are highly susceptible to the effects of the neurotoxins. 
C) The flying foxes assist the beetles as important pollinating agents of the cycads. 
D) Flying foxes can be dispersal agents of cycad seeds when they swallow the seeds whole (without getting chewed).

Question 8

If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die,then which group of organisms should benefit most,after their fungal competitors have been removed?

Accepted Answer

A) plants 
B) protists 
C) prokaryotes 
D) animals 
E) mutualistic fungi 
A) plants 
B) protists 
C) prokaryotes 
D) animals 
E) mutualistic fungi

Question 9

A researcher took water in which a Jl population had been thriving,filtered the water to remove all bacterial cells,and then applied the water to the skins of adult amphibians to see if there would subsequently be a reduced infection rate by Bd when frog skins were inoculated with Bd.For which of the following hypotheses is this procedure a potential test?

Accepted Answer

A) the hypothesis that a toxin secreted by Jl cells kills Bd cells when both are present together on frog skin 
B) the hypothesis that Jl cells infect and kill Bd cells when both are present together on frog skin 
C) the hypothesis that Jl outcompetes Bd when both are present together on frog skin 
D) the hypothesis that the presence of Jl on frog skin causes a skin reaction that prevents attachment by Bd cells 
A) the hypothesis that a toxin secreted by Jl cells kills Bd cells when both are present together on frog skin 
B) the hypothesis that Jl cells infect and kill Bd cells when both are present together on frog skin 
C) the hypothesis that Jl outcompetes Bd when both are present together on frog skin 
D) the hypothesis that the presence of Jl on frog skin causes a skin reaction that prevents attachment by Bd cells

Question 10

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest,assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm.
1)ovary
2)ovule
3)egg
4)carpel

Accepted Answer

A) 4,2,1,3 
B) 3,1,2,4 
C) 4,3,1,2 
D) 1,4,2,3 
E) 4,1,2,3 
A) 4,2,1,3 
B) 3,1,2,4 
C) 4,3,1,2 
D) 1,4,2,3 
E) 4,1,2,3

Question 11

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants.Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?

Accepted Answer

A) wind pollination 
B) dominant gametophytes 
C) fruits enclosing seeds 
D) embryos enclosed within seed coats 
E) sperm cells without flagella 
A) wind pollination 
B) dominant gametophytes 
C) fruits enclosing seeds 
D) embryos enclosed within seed coats 
E) sperm cells without flagella

Question 12

Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least inclusive.
1)embryophytes
2)green plants
3)seedless vascular plants
4)ferns

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,4 
B) 2,1,3,4 
C) 3,2,1,4 
D) 1,4,2,3 
E) 2,1,4,3 
A) 1,2,3,4 
B) 2,1,3,4 
C) 3,2,1,4 
D) 1,4,2,3 
E) 2,1,4,3

Question 13

Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and
I.mosses.
II.cyanobacteria.
III.green algae.
IV.gymnosperms

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) III and IV 
A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) III and IV

Question 14

Arrange the following in the correct sequence,from earliest to most recent,in which these plant traits originated.
1)sporophyte dominance,gametophyte independence
2)sporophyte dominance,gametophyte dependence
3)gametophyte dominance,sporophyte dependence

Accepted Answer

A) 1 → 2 → 3 
B) 2 → 3 → 1 
C) 2 → 1 → 3 
D) 3 → 2 → 1 
E) 3 → 1 → 2 
A) 1 → 2 → 3 
B) 2 → 3 → 1 
C) 2 → 1 → 3 
D) 3 → 2 → 1 
E) 3 → 1 → 2

Question 15

Sexual reproduction has not been observed in Bd.A Bd sporangium initially contains a single haploid cell.Which of the following processes must be involved in generating the multiple zoospores eventually produced by each sporangium?
1)S phase
2)cytokinesis
3)mitosis
4)meiosis

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1,2,and 3 only 
E) 1,2,and 4 only 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1,2,and 3 only 
E) 1,2,and 4 only

Question 16

People who attempted to plant Brazil nuts in hopes of establishing plantations of Brazil nut trees played roles most similar to those of

Accepted Answer

A) agoutis. 
B) orchid bees. 
C) pollen tubes. 
D) harpy eagles. 
A) agoutis. 
B) orchid bees. 
C) pollen tubes. 
D) harpy eagles.

Question 17

Please use the following information to answer the questions below.
Fairy rings are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas.In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium.As the mycelium spreads to seek more food,it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground.The figure depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow,as viewed from above.The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil.Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface.
  
-What is the most probable location of the oldest portion of this mycelium?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 18

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?

Accepted Answer

A) male gametophyte 
B) female gametophyte 
C) male sporophyte 
D) female sporophyte 
A) male gametophyte 
B) female gametophyte 
C) male sporophyte 
D) female sporophyte

Question 19

Which of the following is a true statement about angiosperm carpels?

Accepted Answer

A) Carpels are features of the gametophyte generation. 
B) Carpels consist of an anther and a stamen. 
C) Carpels are structures that directly produce male gametes. 
D) Carpels surround and nourish the female gametophyte. 
E) Carpels consist of highly modified microsporangia. 
A) Carpels are features of the gametophyte generation. 
B) Carpels consist of an anther and a stamen. 
C) Carpels are structures that directly produce male gametes. 
D) Carpels surround and nourish the female gametophyte. 
E) Carpels consist of highly modified microsporangia.

Question 20

Commonalities to both charophytes and vascular land plants include
I.sporopollenin.
II.lignin.
III.chlorophyll a.
IV.cellulose.
V.chlorophyll b.

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III,and V only 
B) I,III,IV,and V only 
C) III and IV only 
D) II and IV only 
A) I,II,III,and V only 
B) I,III,IV,and V only 
C) III and IV only 
D) II and IV only

Exam 26: The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

Which of the following statements is true of the pine life cycle?

When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter,what are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter?

The seed coat's most important function is to provide

What is the ploidy of a single mature ascospore?

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. In onions (Allium),cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. -How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?

On the Pacific island of Guam,large herbivorous bats called "flying foxes" commonly feed on cycad seeds,a potent source of neurotoxins.The flying foxes do not visit male cones.Consequently,what should be true?

If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die,then which group of organisms should benefit most,after their fungal competitors have been removed?

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest,assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm. 1)ovary 2)ovule 3)egg 4)carpel

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants.Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?

Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least inclusive. 1)embryophytes 2)green plants 3)seedless vascular plants 4)ferns

Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and I.mosses. II.cyanobacteria. III.green algae. IV.gymnosperms

Arrange the following in the correct sequence,from earliest to most recent,in which these plant traits originated. 1)sporophyte dominance,gametophyte independence 2)sporophyte dominance,gametophyte dependence 3)gametophyte dominance,sporophyte dependence

Sexual reproduction has not been observed in Bd.A Bd sporangium initially contains a single haploid cell.Which of the following processes must be involved in generating the multiple zoospores eventually produced by each sporangium? 1)S phase 2)cytokinesis 3)mitosis 4)meiosis

People who attempted to plant Brazil nuts in hopes of establishing plantations of Brazil nut trees played roles most similar to those of

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?

Which of the following is a true statement about angiosperm carpels?

Commonalities to both charophytes and vascular land plants include I.sporopollenin. II.lignin. III.chlorophyll a. IV.cellulose. V.chlorophyll b.

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters