Question 1

A personality __________ is a long,scientifically rigorous instrument that asks about many different behaviors and assesses several traits at once.

Accepted Answer

A)  inventory 
B)  test 
C)  questionnaire 
D)  assessor 
A)  inventory 
B)  test 
C)  questionnaire 
D)  assessor

Question 2

A situation where an individual feels constantly unable to control important situations may eventually cause them to develop learned __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  externality 
B)  defenses 
C)  surrendering 
D)  helplessness 
A)  externality 
B)  defenses 
C)  surrendering 
D)  helplessness

Question 3

The __________ construal of self refers to a person's view of himself or herself as a self-directed,self-contained entity.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  individualist 
C)  ideographic 
D)  ideocentric 
A)  independent 
B)  individualist 
C)  ideographic 
D)  ideocentric

Question 4

Gordon Allport's extensive list of personality trait descriptors was condensed in the first well-known trait theory.This new list of sixteen traits was theorized by __________ in the 1960s.

Accepted Answer

A)  H.S. Odbert 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Robert McCrae 
D)  Raymond Cattell 
A)  H.S. Odbert 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Robert McCrae 
D)  Raymond Cattell

Question 5

Raymond Cattell,attempting to transform the first published list of personality descriptors,used a statistical technique called __________,which identifies correlations and common clusters in a larger group.These clusters were used to define Cattell's theory of 16 personality traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  structural equation modeling 
B)  factor analysis 
C)  binomial linear regression 
D)  canonical correlations 
A)  structural equation modeling 
B)  factor analysis 
C)  binomial linear regression 
D)  canonical correlations

Question 6

According to Carl Jung,all people share access to a shared pool of stored memories and images that are common to all human beings.This storehouse is called the __________ unconscious.

Accepted Answer

A)  unified 
B)  psychosocial 
C)  social 
D)  collective 
A)  unified 
B)  psychosocial 
C)  social 
D)  collective

Question 7

Which theorist who was essential in constructing the theory of observational learning was also the pioneer of the concept of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  John Watson 
C)  B.F. Skinner 
D)  Albert Bandura 
A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  John Watson 
C)  B.F. Skinner 
D)  Albert Bandura

Question 8

A __________ is a person's relatively stable disposition to behave in a certain way.

Accepted Answer

A)  style 
B)  personality 
C)  temperament 
D)  trait 
A)  style 
B)  personality 
C)  temperament 
D)  trait

Question 9

The validity of a personality inventory refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability of the inventory to separate those with good personalities from those with bad personalities. 
B)  the level to which the inventory is able to label people as suffering from a psychiatric disease. 
C)  the degree to which the scores for each trait correlate with the corresponding aspect of the person's actual behaviors. 
D)  the degree to which the scores produced by one inventory agree with the scores produced on another inventory. 
A)  the ability of the inventory to separate those with good personalities from those with bad personalities. 
B)  the level to which the inventory is able to label people as suffering from a psychiatric disease. 
C)  the degree to which the scores for each trait correlate with the corresponding aspect of the person's actual behaviors. 
D)  the degree to which the scores produced by one inventory agree with the scores produced on another inventory.

Question 10

An outcome __________ is a person's assumptions about the consequences of his or her own behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  presumption 
B)  anticipation 
C)  prediction 
D)  expectancy 
A)  presumption 
B)  anticipation 
C)  prediction 
D)  expectancy

Question 11

Raymond Cattell is to ___ personality traits as Hans Eysenck is to ___ personality traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  16; 2 
B)  18,000; 5 
C)  5; 12 
D)  Unlimited; 0 
A)  16; 2 
B)  18,000; 5 
C)  5; 12 
D)  Unlimited; 0

Question 12

Marietta is always on-time for class,makes sure to do her reading the night before so that she will be ready for the class lectures and discussions,and writes her papers and assignments well ahead of the due dates so that she can bring them to the teacher's office hours to make sure that she has done a good job before submitting her work.Which of the following factors from the Big Five theory would Marietta score highly on?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agreeableness 
B)  Emotional stability 
C)  Extraversion 
D)  Conscientiousness 
A)  Agreeableness 
B)  Emotional stability 
C)  Extraversion 
D)  Conscientiousness

Question 13

How do genes influence our personality? One model that attempts to explain this relationship says that genes,in fact,influence our __________ - the characteristics and traits with which we are born - and those in turn influence the way we behave.

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment 
B)  developmental schedule 
C)  temperament 
D)  psychosocial hallmarks 
A)  attachment 
B)  developmental schedule 
C)  temperament 
D)  psychosocial hallmarks

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding the utility and usefulness of Freudian theory is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has been entirely dismissed from legitimate science because of its obvious bias against women. 
B)  The research into Freud's theories has unequivocally supported his work, so although many find his theories distasteful and downright insulting, there is no evidence that his theories were wrong! 
C)  Even in more tolerant times like those in which we find ourselves, Freud's blending of the concepts of sex and children is intolerable, and thus his theories are no longer considered valuable. 
D)  Freud's theories endure because experts continue to see merit in many of their foundational concepts. 
A)  It has been entirely dismissed from legitimate science because of its obvious bias against women. 
B)  The research into Freud's theories has unequivocally supported his work, so although many find his theories distasteful and downright insulting, there is no evidence that his theories were wrong! 
C)  Even in more tolerant times like those in which we find ourselves, Freud's blending of the concepts of sex and children is intolerable, and thus his theories are no longer considered valuable. 
D)  Freud's theories endure because experts continue to see merit in many of their foundational concepts.

Question 15

Which of the following factors are not included in the theory of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personal factors 
B)  Behavior 
C)  Environment 
D)  Genetics 
A)  Personal factors 
B)  Behavior 
C)  Environment 
D)  Genetics

Question 16

One criticism of the trait perspective of personality is the _________ controversy,which focuses on the question of whether individual behaviors are more influenced by contextual factors than by personality traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  diathesis-stress 
B)  genetic-environment interplay 
C)  person-situation 
D)  nature vs nurture 
A)  diathesis-stress 
B)  genetic-environment interplay 
C)  person-situation 
D)  nature vs nurture

Question 17

"Those who believe they will succeed are usually right.Those who believe they will fail are always right." This quotation is a brief summary of the locus of control theory of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mary Carver Jones 
B)  Mary Ainsworth 
C)  Marshall McConaghie 
D)  Julian Rotter 
A)  Mary Carver Jones 
B)  Mary Ainsworth 
C)  Marshall McConaghie 
D)  Julian Rotter

Question 18

Perhaps you've read a difficult story about a woman who was in an abusive relationship for an extended period of time.Perhaps you've also wondered,even momentarily,"Why did she stay with that person if they were abusive?" Based on your reading,which theory would do the best job of explaining why people stay in abusive relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theory of Freudian defense mechanisms 
B)  The theory of the locus of control 
C)  The theory of the hierarchy of needs 
D)  The theory of learned helplessness 
A)  The theory of Freudian defense mechanisms 
B)  The theory of the locus of control 
C)  The theory of the hierarchy of needs 
D)  The theory of learned helplessness

Question 19

Which of the following researchers proposed a theory of personality that is based on the existence of certain traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Jung 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Margaret Mahler 
D)  Hans Eysenck and Jeffrey Gray 
A)  Carl Jung 
B)  Sigmund Freud 
C)  Margaret Mahler 
D)  Hans Eysenck and Jeffrey Gray

Question 20

What is the difference between a personality 'test' and a personality 'inventory'?

Accepted Answer

A)  A test is a paper-and-pencil type of measure, while an inventory involves a conversation with a trained professional 
B)  An inventory is given in a clinical setting, while a test is given in a counseling setting. 
C)  A test measures personalities along dimensions that are considered "right and wrong," while an inventory makes no such judgments about an individual's personality. 
D)  An inventory is longer and more scientifically rigorous than a test. 
A)  A test is a paper-and-pencil type of measure, while an inventory involves a conversation with a trained professional 
B)  An inventory is given in a clinical setting, while a test is given in a counseling setting. 
C)  A test measures personalities along dimensions that are considered "right and wrong," while an inventory makes no such judgments about an individual's personality. 
D)  An inventory is longer and more scientifically rigorous than a test.

A personality __________ is a long,scientifically rigorous instrument that asks about many different behaviors and assesses several traits at once.

A situation where an individual feels constantly unable to control important situations may eventually cause them to develop learned __________.

The __________ construal of self refers to a person's view of himself or herself as a self-directed,self-contained entity.

Gordon Allport's extensive list of personality trait descriptors was condensed in the first well-known trait theory.This new list of sixteen traits was theorized by __________ in the 1960s.

Raymond Cattell,attempting to transform the first published list of personality descriptors,used a statistical technique called __________,which identifies correlations and common clusters in a larger group.These clusters were used to define Cattell's theory of 16 personality traits.

According to Carl Jung,all people share access to a shared pool of stored memories and images that are common to all human beings.This storehouse is called the __________ unconscious.

Which theorist who was essential in constructing the theory of observational learning was also the pioneer of the concept of reciprocal determinism?

A __________ is a person's relatively stable disposition to behave in a certain way.

The validity of a personality inventory refers to

An outcome __________ is a person's assumptions about the consequences of his or her own behavior.

Raymond Cattell is to _ personality traits as Hans Eysenck is to _ personality traits.

How do genes influence our personality? One model that attempts to explain this relationship says that genes,in fact,influence our __________ - the characteristics and traits with which we are born - and those in turn influence the way we behave.

Which of the following statements regarding the utility and usefulness of Freudian theory is the most accurate?

Which of the following factors are not included in the theory of reciprocal determinism?

One criticism of the trait perspective of personality is the _________ controversy,which focuses on the question of whether individual behaviors are more influenced by contextual factors than by personality traits.

"Those who believe they will succeed are usually right.Those who believe they will fail are always right." This quotation is a brief summary of the locus of control theory of __________.

Which of the following researchers proposed a theory of personality that is based on the existence of certain traits?

What is the difference between a personality 'test' and a personality 'inventory'?

Introduction

Research Methods

The Human Brain

Genetics and Evolution

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Human Development I: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Sex and Gender

Human Development II: Social Development

Emotion and Motivation

Social Psychology

Health and Stress

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters

Exam 16: Personality and Individual Differences

A personality __________ is a long,scientifically rigorous instrument that asks about many different behaviors and assesses several traits at once.

A situation where an individual feels constantly unable to control important situations may eventually cause them to develop learned __________.

The __________ construal of self refers to a person's view of himself or herself as a self-directed,self-contained entity.

Gordon Allport's extensive list of personality trait descriptors was condensed in the first well-known trait theory.This new list of sixteen traits was theorized by __________ in the 1960s.

Raymond Cattell,attempting to transform the first published list of personality descriptors,used a statistical technique called __________,which identifies correlations and common clusters in a larger group.These clusters were used to define Cattell's theory of 16 personality traits.

According to Carl Jung,all people share access to a shared pool of stored memories and images that are common to all human beings.This storehouse is called the __________ unconscious.

Which theorist who was essential in constructing the theory of observational learning was also the pioneer of the concept of reciprocal determinism?

A __________ is a person's relatively stable disposition to behave in a certain way.

The validity of a personality inventory refers to

An outcome __________ is a person's assumptions about the consequences of his or her own behavior.

Raymond Cattell is to ___ personality traits as Hans Eysenck is to ___ personality traits.

How do genes influence our personality? One model that attempts to explain this relationship says that genes,in fact,influence our __________ - the characteristics and traits with which we are born - and those in turn influence the way we behave.

Which of the following statements regarding the utility and usefulness of Freudian theory is the most accurate?

Which of the following factors are not included in the theory of reciprocal determinism?

One criticism of the trait perspective of personality is the _________ controversy,which focuses on the question of whether individual behaviors are more influenced by contextual factors than by personality traits.

"Those who believe they will succeed are usually right.Those who believe they will fail are always right." This quotation is a brief summary of the locus of control theory of __________.

Which of the following researchers proposed a theory of personality that is based on the existence of certain traits?

What is the difference between a personality 'test' and a personality 'inventory'?

Introduction

Research Methods

The Human Brain

Genetics and Evolution

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Human Development I: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Sex and Gender

Human Development II: Social Development

Emotion and Motivation

Social Psychology

Health and Stress

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters

Raymond Cattell is to _ personality traits as Hans Eysenck is to _ personality traits.