Question 1

What has research found about the heritability of traits identified by trait theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Traits only show heritability for family members who are raised in the same household. Otherwise there is no type of research that can investigate personality heritability. 
B)  Traits only show heritability for identical twins, since they are genetic clones. Relatives without the exact same genetic heritage show no real personality heritability. 
C)  Traits tend to be heritable, as demonstrated by the fact that the closer two people are genetically, the greater their trait similarity. 
D)  Personality is 90% genetic, so those who don't want to turn into their own parents are out of luck. 
A)  Traits only show heritability for family members who are raised in the same household. Otherwise there is no type of research that can investigate personality heritability. 
B)  Traits only show heritability for identical twins, since they are genetic clones. Relatives without the exact same genetic heritage show no real personality heritability. 
C)  Traits tend to be heritable, as demonstrated by the fact that the closer two people are genetically, the greater their trait similarity. 
D)  Personality is 90% genetic, so those who don't want to turn into their own parents are out of luck.

Question 2

Social cognitive theories of personality have been criticized because they do not fully appreciate	
the importance of the roles of biology and genetics play in establishing our inner traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

It is estimated that genetic factors account for about ___% of individual differences for most personality traits,including the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  75 
C)  90 
D)  0 
A)  50 
B)  75 
C)  90 
D)  0

Question 4

Which of the following was a psychodynamic theorist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Rogers 
B)  Raymond Cattell 
C)  Walter Mischel 
D)  Alfred Adler 
A)  Carl Rogers 
B)  Raymond Cattell 
C)  Walter Mischel 
D)  Alfred Adler

Question 5

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)was developed by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Karen Horney 
B)  Julian Rotter 
C)  Henry Murray 
D)  Alfred Adler 
A)  Karen Horney 
B)  Julian Rotter 
C)  Henry Murray 
D)  Alfred Adler

Question 6

Which of the following areas does not have a dominant culture that is individualist in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  South America 
B)  Australia 
C)  North America 
D)  Western Europe 
A)  South America 
B)  Australia 
C)  North America 
D)  Western Europe

Question 7

The idiographic approach is to the __________ as the nomothetic approach is to the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; negative 
B)  whole, part 
C)  adult; child 
D)  individual; group 
A)  positive; negative 
B)  whole, part 
C)  adult; child 
D)  individual; group

Question 8

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the relationship between states and traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person's state is made up of a combination of traits. 
B)  A trait can determine the likelihood that someone enters into a temporary state. 
C)  A person's trait is made up of a combination of states. 
D)  A state can determine the likelihood that someone enters into a temporary trait. 
A)  A person's state is made up of a combination of traits. 
B)  A trait can determine the likelihood that someone enters into a temporary state. 
C)  A person's trait is made up of a combination of states. 
D)  A state can determine the likelihood that someone enters into a temporary trait.

Question 9

A(n)__________ is a particular image,such as mother as caretaker and nurturer,that is persistent across time and cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  reacted formation 
B)  afterimage 
C)  archetype 
D)  icon 
A)  reacted formation 
B)  afterimage 
C)  archetype 
D)  icon

Question 10

__________ is the style in which a person interacts with the world,particularly with other people.

Accepted Answer

A)  Expression 
B)  Temperament 
C)  Attachment 
D)  Personality 
A)  Expression 
B)  Temperament 
C)  Attachment 
D)  Personality

Question 11

Which theory of personality has been generally lauded for being the most optimistic of the major theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humanistic theory 
B)  Personal control theory 
C)  Social cognitive theory 
D)  Psychodynamic theory 
A)  Humanistic theory 
B)  Personal control theory 
C)  Social cognitive theory 
D)  Psychodynamic theory

Question 12

Which personality assessment tool is based on the theory of Raymond Cattell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The NEO-PI-R 
B)  The MMPI 
C)  The 16-PF 
D)  The TAT 
A)  The NEO-PI-R 
B)  The MMPI 
C)  The 16-PF 
D)  The TAT

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the three interacting systems of the mind,according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  The id 
B)  The collective unconscious 
C)  The archetype 
D)  The inferiority complex 
A)  The id 
B)  The collective unconscious 
C)  The archetype 
D)  The inferiority complex

Question 14

Alfred Adler developed the idea of the inferiority complex as being an important factor in	
human personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The __________ of control refers to a person's perception of whether he or she has control over a given situation.

Accepted Answer

A)  sense 
B)  locus 
C)  direction 
D)  element 
A)  sense 
B)  locus 
C)  direction 
D)  element

Question 16

The method of psychological treatment that was developed by Sigmund Freud is called __________,and requires a patient to talk with a trained therapist who listens to and interprets each word.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral counterconditioning 
B)  psychoanalysis 
C)  rational emotive therapy 
D)  person-centered therapy 
A)  behavioral counterconditioning 
B)  psychoanalysis 
C)  rational emotive therapy 
D)  person-centered therapy

Question 17

The __________ construal of self refers to a person's view of himself or herself as a part of a larger network of family and community members.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  codependent 
C)  interdependent 
D)  dependent 
A)  independent 
B)  codependent 
C)  interdependent 
D)  dependent

Question 18

Contrary to popular belief,the very first psychodynamic theory of personality was that of Carl	
Jung,whose ideas were the basis of the work of Sigmund Frued's theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

__________ cultures emphasize people's interdependence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaic 
B)  Collectivist 
C)  Anachronistic 
D)  Individualist 
A)  Archaic 
B)  Collectivist 
C)  Anachronistic 
D)  Individualist

Question 20

Which of the following is one of the greatest strengths of the social cognitive perspective of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  It recognizes that the five stages of psychosexual development can, in fact, be progressed through without fixation, struggle, or strife. 
B)  It suggests that the genetic limitations with which we are born can be overcome. 
C)  It offers hope to each human being that self-actualization is a reasonable and attainable goal. 
D)  It offers strategies for a person to improve his or her own life, as it recognizes the importance of the individual in the construction of his or her own reality. 
A)  It recognizes that the five stages of psychosexual development can, in fact, be progressed through without fixation, struggle, or strife. 
B)  It suggests that the genetic limitations with which we are born can be overcome. 
C)  It offers hope to each human being that self-actualization is a reasonable and attainable goal. 
D)  It offers strategies for a person to improve his or her own life, as it recognizes the importance of the individual in the construction of his or her own reality.

What has research found about the heritability of traits identified by trait theories?

Social cognitive theories of personality have been criticized because they do not fully appreciate the importance of the roles of biology and genetics play in establishing our inner traits.

It is estimated that genetic factors account for about ___% of individual differences for most personality traits,including the Big Five.

Which of the following was a psychodynamic theorist?

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)was developed by __________.

Which of the following areas does not have a dominant culture that is individualist in nature?

The idiographic approach is to the as the nomothetic approach is to the .

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the relationship between states and traits?

A(n)__________ is a particular image,such as mother as caretaker and nurturer,that is persistent across time and cultures.

__________ is the style in which a person interacts with the world,particularly with other people.

Which theory of personality has been generally lauded for being the most optimistic of the major theories?

Which personality assessment tool is based on the theory of Raymond Cattell?

Which of the following is one of the three interacting systems of the mind,according to Freud?

Alfred Adler developed the idea of the inferiority complex as being an important factor in human personality.

The __________ of control refers to a person's perception of whether he or she has control over a given situation.

The method of psychological treatment that was developed by Sigmund Freud is called __________,and requires a patient to talk with a trained therapist who listens to and interprets each word.

The __________ construal of self refers to a person's view of himself or herself as a part of a larger network of family and community members.

Contrary to popular belief,the very first psychodynamic theory of personality was that of Carl Jung,whose ideas were the basis of the work of Sigmund Frued's theory.

__________ cultures emphasize people's interdependence.

Which of the following is one of the greatest strengths of the social cognitive perspective of personality?

Introduction

Research Methods

The Human Brain

Genetics and Evolution

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Human Development I: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Sex and Gender

Human Development II: Social Development

Emotion and Motivation

Social Psychology

Health and Stress

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters

Exam 16: Personality and Individual Differences

What has research found about the heritability of traits identified by trait theories?

Social cognitive theories of personality have been criticized because they do not fully appreciate the importance of the roles of biology and genetics play in establishing our inner traits.

It is estimated that genetic factors account for about ___% of individual differences for most personality traits,including the Big Five.

Which of the following was a psychodynamic theorist?

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)was developed by __________.

Which of the following areas does not have a dominant culture that is individualist in nature?

The idiographic approach is to the __________ as the nomothetic approach is to the __________.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the relationship between states and traits?

A(n)__________ is a particular image,such as mother as caretaker and nurturer,that is persistent across time and cultures.

__________ is the style in which a person interacts with the world,particularly with other people.

Which theory of personality has been generally lauded for being the most optimistic of the major theories?

Which personality assessment tool is based on the theory of Raymond Cattell?

Which of the following is one of the three interacting systems of the mind,according to Freud?

Alfred Adler developed the idea of the inferiority complex as being an important factor in human personality.

The __________ of control refers to a person's perception of whether he or she has control over a given situation.

The method of psychological treatment that was developed by Sigmund Freud is called __________,and requires a patient to talk with a trained therapist who listens to and interprets each word.

The __________ construal of self refers to a person's view of himself or herself as a part of a larger network of family and community members.

Contrary to popular belief,the very first psychodynamic theory of personality was that of Carl Jung,whose ideas were the basis of the work of Sigmund Frued's theory.

__________ cultures emphasize people's interdependence.

Which of the following is one of the greatest strengths of the social cognitive perspective of personality?

Introduction

Research Methods

The Human Brain

Genetics and Evolution

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Human Development I: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Sex and Gender

Human Development II: Social Development

Emotion and Motivation

Social Psychology

Health and Stress

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters

The idiographic approach is to the as the nomothetic approach is to the .