Question 1

Which is the best description of evidence-informed nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incorporation of research findings into policies and procedures that directly affect patient care at the bedside 
B)  Intuitive nursing practice based on evidence gained through extensive clinical practice 
C)  Conscientious and judicious use of best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals patients 
D)  Integration of clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence 
A)  Incorporation of research findings into policies and procedures that directly affect patient care at the bedside 
B)  Intuitive nursing practice based on evidence gained through extensive clinical practice 
C)  Conscientious and judicious use of best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals patients 
D)  Integration of clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence C

Question 2

What is the "Effective Practice and Organization of Care" review group?

Accepted Answer

It is a group within within the Cochrane Collaboration that conducts systematic reviews of educational, behavioural, organizational, financial, and regulatory interventions related to changing the practice of health care professionals or the organization of health care.

Question 3

What is the time lag between when technical information is generated and the time it is used in actual practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 to 18 years 
B)  8 to 17 years 
C)  1 to 2 years 
D)  5 to 10 years 
A)  15 to 18 years 
B)  8 to 17 years 
C)  1 to 2 years 
D)  5 to 10 years B

Question 4

A nurse reads in a journal article, "Participants were randomized into an intervention group. The intervention group was to receive an epidural in labour. All the birth outcomes of the intervention group were analyzed in that group, regardless of whether the participants received an epidural or not." What concept is illustrated in this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A double blinded study 
B)  Researcher bias 
C)  Intention-to-treat analysis 
D)  Allocation concealment 
A)  A double blinded study 
B)  Researcher bias 
C)  Intention-to-treat analysis 
D)  Allocation concealment

Question 5

A group of nurses have questions about the effectiveness of assessing post-surgical clients over the telephone versus assessing post-surgical clients at home. What type of research article would be most useful for the nurses to review?

Accepted Answer

A)  Qualitative ethnography 
B)  Cohort studies 
C)  Randomized controlled trails 
D)  Participatory action research 
A)  Qualitative ethnography 
B)  Cohort studies 
C)  Randomized controlled trails 
D)  Participatory action research

Question 6

A nursing student is learning to critically appraise studies on treatment or prevention. What question best addresses whether the results of the study are valid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is the description of the findings thorough? 
B)  Were all the clinical significant outcomes considered? 
C)  Were the groups similar at the start of the trial? 
D)  Is the design appropriate for the research question? 
A)  Is the description of the findings thorough? 
B)  Were all the clinical significant outcomes considered? 
C)  Were the groups similar at the start of the trial? 
D)  Is the design appropriate for the research question?

Question 7

A nurse wants to do qualitative research to describe the culture of youth who live away from their parents. What research methodology should the nurse choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grounded theory 
B)  Phenomenology 
C)  Ethnography 
D)  Prospective cohort study 
A)  Grounded theory 
B)  Phenomenology 
C)  Ethnography 
D)  Prospective cohort study

Question 8

A student nurse has been asked to write a clinical question that includes the elements of a structured question. Which one of the following questions meets these criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  What is the evidence for school-based activity programs? 
B)  What are the health-promoting behaviours of well seniors? 
C)  For new mothers, can e-health technology be used to achieve a healthy weight in the postpartum period? 
D)  Does a structured breastfeeding support program affect duration, exclusivity, or gastrointestinal infections in the infants? 
A)  What is the evidence for school-based activity programs? 
B)  What are the health-promoting behaviours of well seniors? 
C)  For new mothers, can e-health technology be used to achieve a healthy weight in the postpartum period? 
D)  Does a structured breastfeeding support program affect duration, exclusivity, or gastrointestinal infections in the infants?

Question 9

What can be included in a systematic review of community health nursing research studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only randomized trials 
B)  Non-randomized cohort studies 
C)  A strictly statistical synthesis 
D)  Only studies that use the biomedical model 
A)  Only randomized trials 
B)  Non-randomized cohort studies 
C)  A strictly statistical synthesis 
D)  Only studies that use the biomedical model

Question 10

What is relative risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proportion of the participants experiencing an outcome in the intervention group divided by the proportion experiencing the outcome in the control group 
B)  Proportional reduction in the rates of poor outcomes between the experimental and control participants 
C)  Range of values with a specified probability of including the true effect, which can never be known absolutely 
D)  Number of study participants who would have died anyway without the intervention 
A)  Proportion of the participants experiencing an outcome in the intervention group divided by the proportion experiencing the outcome in the control group 
B)  Proportional reduction in the rates of poor outcomes between the experimental and control participants 
C)  Range of values with a specified probability of including the true effect, which can never be known absolutely 
D)  Number of study participants who would have died anyway without the intervention

Question 11

A group of nurses have formulated a research question on how to best support new mothers with breastfeeding. What is the next step in the process to develop evidence-based nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Implement evidence-based practice decision 
B)  Appraise the research evidence 
C)  Evaluate the outcomes of evidence-based nursing practice 
D)  Complete a systematic search of research evidence 
A)  Implement evidence-based practice decision 
B)  Appraise the research evidence 
C)  Evaluate the outcomes of evidence-based nursing practice 
D)  Complete a systematic search of research evidence

Question 12

Which statement most accurately describes a randomized controlled study design?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher examines the individual histories of a group of people manifesting a particular disease to find out what common factors they share and what differences can be discerned 
B)  Questions and interventions that evolve through partnerships between researchers and participants 
C)  This is the best design for answering questions about the effectiveness or harms of a certain intervention 
D)  Questions exploring perceptions, feeling, and experiences are best answered by this study design 
A)  The researcher examines the individual histories of a group of people manifesting a particular disease to find out what common factors they share and what differences can be discerned 
B)  Questions and interventions that evolve through partnerships between researchers and participants 
C)  This is the best design for answering questions about the effectiveness or harms of a certain intervention 
D)  Questions exploring perceptions, feeling, and experiences are best answered by this study design

Question 13

Nurses need to ask critical questions to evaluate interventions and consider alternative options. To find relevant research, practice questions need to be structured and include which of the following components? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Population 
B)  Intervention 
C)  Comparison 
D)  Outcomes 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Population 
B)  Intervention 
C)  Comparison 
D)  Outcomes 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

How is number needed to treat (NNT) calculated?

Accepted Answer

A)  One divided by the absolute risk reduction 
B)  Incidence rate of disease in exposed population over the incidence of disease in unexposed population 
C)  Event rate in control group minus event rate in experimental group 
D)  Number of people with given disease in given population at one point in time divided by the total in given population at same point in time 
A)  One divided by the absolute risk reduction 
B)  Incidence rate of disease in exposed population over the incidence of disease in unexposed population 
C)  Event rate in control group minus event rate in experimental group 
D)  Number of people with given disease in given population at one point in time divided by the total in given population at same point in time

Question 15

What website is the preferred source of pre-appraised research for community health nurses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence-Based Nursing 
B)  BMJ Clinical Evidence 
C)  Health-Evidence 
D)  National Guideline Clearinghouse 
A)  Evidence-Based Nursing 
B)  BMJ Clinical Evidence 
C)  Health-Evidence 
D)  National Guideline Clearinghouse

Question 16

In a large urban health department, a decision has been made related to the type of support nurses provide to the male partners of pregnant teens. After the decision has been made, describe eight things that need to happen in order to implement the change successfully.

Accepted Answer

- need to gather organization support fo

Question 17

A nurse is attempting to conduct a search of the literature related to the use of condoms by men who have sex with men. What activity will allow the nurse to conduct the most efficient search?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generating a list of search terms 
B)  Accessing a health sciences librarian 
C)  Reading abstracts at the university library 
D)  Looking at articles already found on the subject 
A)  Generating a list of search terms 
B)  Accessing a health sciences librarian 
C)  Reading abstracts at the university library 
D)  Looking at articles already found on the subject

Question 18

What is most likely to be included in a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A narrative review of several articles using pre-set criteria 
B)  A summary of research evidence that relates to a general question 
C)  A quantitative combination of results of several studies 
D)  Statistics from various studies presented separately in a table 
A)  A narrative review of several articles using pre-set criteria 
B)  A summary of research evidence that relates to a general question 
C)  A quantitative combination of results of several studies 
D)  Statistics from various studies presented separately in a table

Question 19

What is the next step after implementing an evidenced-based practice and policy change related to head lice screening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replicate the original research study within a one-year timeframe 
B)  Establish an evaluation period to see if the change is working 
C)  Conduct comprehensive chart reviews on every aspect of nursing practice 
D)  Wait and see what the results of the change turn out to be 
A)  Replicate the original research study within a one-year timeframe 
B)  Establish an evaluation period to see if the change is working 
C)  Conduct comprehensive chart reviews on every aspect of nursing practice 
D)  Wait and see what the results of the change turn out to be

Question 20

What type of health research are community health nurses most likely to be involved in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Randomized clinical trials 
B)  Client outcome studies 
C)  Program evaluation using process outcomes 
D)  Principle investigators of a qualitative study 
A)  Randomized clinical trials 
B)  Client outcome studies 
C)  Program evaluation using process outcomes 
D)  Principle investigators of a qualitative study

Exam 10: Research

Which is the best description of evidence-informed nursing practice?

What is the "Effective Practice and Organization of Care" review group?

What is the time lag between when technical information is generated and the time it is used in actual practice?

A group of nurses have questions about the effectiveness of assessing post-surgical clients over the telephone versus assessing post-surgical clients at home. What type of research article would be most useful for the nurses to review?

A nursing student is learning to critically appraise studies on treatment or prevention. What question best addresses whether the results of the study are valid?

A nurse wants to do qualitative research to describe the culture of youth who live away from their parents. What research methodology should the nurse choose?

A student nurse has been asked to write a clinical question that includes the elements of a structured question. Which one of the following questions meets these criteria?

What can be included in a systematic review of community health nursing research studies?

What is relative risk?

A group of nurses have formulated a research question on how to best support new mothers with breastfeeding. What is the next step in the process to develop evidence-based nursing practice?

Which statement most accurately describes a randomized controlled study design?

Nurses need to ask critical questions to evaluate interventions and consider alternative options. To find relevant research, practice questions need to be structured and include which of the following components? Select all that apply.

How is number needed to treat (NNT) calculated?

What website is the preferred source of pre-appraised research for community health nurses?

In a large urban health department, a decision has been made related to the type of support nurses provide to the male partners of pregnant teens. After the decision has been made, describe eight things that need to happen in order to implement the change successfully.

A nurse is attempting to conduct a search of the literature related to the use of condoms by men who have sex with men. What activity will allow the nurse to conduct the most efficient search?

What is most likely to be included in a meta-analysis?

What is the next step after implementing an evidenced-based practice and policy change related to head lice screening?

What type of health research are community health nurses most likely to be involved in?

The History of Community Health Nursing in Canada

Policy, Politics, and Power in Health Care

Nursing Roles, Functions, and Practice Settings

Public Health Nursing

Home Health Nursing in Canada

Advocacy, Ethical, and Legal Considerations

Theoretical Foundations of Community Health Nursing

Health Promotion

Race, Culture, and Health

Epidemiology

Communicable Diseases

Community Nursing Process

Community Health Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation

Digital Health

Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health

School Health

Family Nursing

Gender and Community Health

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Two Spirit Clients

Older Adult Health

Indigenous Health

Community Mental Health

Rural and Remote Health

Chronic Care, Long-Term Care, and Palliative Care

Correctional Health

Ecological Determinants of Health and Environmental Health Inequities

Violence and Health

Poverty, Homelessness, and Food Insecurity

Substance Use

Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Nursing

Global Health

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