Exam 5: The Chemistry of Seawater

The residence time of iron and sodium in the oceans is approximately the same.

The process of reverse osmosis uses pressure to separate fresh water from salt water through a semipermeable membrane.

The chemical constituents of sea salt that are not utilized or altered by biological processes are called nonconservative.

As we go below the euphotic zone of the open ocean and into greater depths, ________.

Profiles of the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in seawater from the surface to a depth of about 800 m are mirror images of each other.

The polar nature of water molecules aids in water's solvent abilities.

Carbon dioxide concentrations in seawater increase with depth.

Which situations cause an ion to have a long residence time in the oceans?

Acid rain falling on seawater has little effect on the pH of the oceans.

Which desalination process requires the least energy?

In order to change the pH of water by one integer number (from 7 to 8 or from 8 to 7, for instance), you would have to change the concentration of the hydrogen ion by a factor of ________.

Electrical conductivity readings at a known temperature measure ________.

The depth at which the rate of photosynthesis balances the rate of respiration is called the ________ depth.

Identify the four seawater constituents that are present in the highest concentration.

Seawater taken from an area with a large, growing plant population has a ________.

The residence time of an ion in the oceans may be determined by ________.

When salt-forming ions are placed in water, they combine with each other and form solids.

The Redfield ratio ________.

The depth at which the rate of photosynthesis balances the rate of plant respiration is known as the ________.

Sources of oxygen in the open sea include ________.