Exam 16: The Oceans and Climate Disruption

According to a 2014 report conducted by Yale University and George Mason University, the majority of the public surveyed in the United States agreed that global warming is occurring, and ________ believed it was caused primarily by human activities.

Earth's climate is comprised of all of the following except ________.

Milankovich cycles are oscillations in Earth's solar energy and variations in Earth's orbit occurring at ________.

Algal biofuels are considered viable alternatives to land-based crops such as corn and soybeans because ________.

Fertilization of the ocean with iron to enhance carbon sequestration is an example of geoengineering.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in ________.

The Vostok ice core provides direct measurements of all the following except ________.

The Berkeley Earth Team estimates that Earth's average temperature increased about ________ since the 1950s.

The anthrosphere includes human modifications to the environment.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts continued warming of about ________ per decade over the next two decades.

Large-scale fertilization of the ocean to stimulate blooms and draw down carbon have been proposed using ________.

The compound that exerts a major control on the pH of seawater is ________.

If humans were not present on Earth, climate would remain constant.

Sources of renewable ocean energy include all of the following except ________.

According to the fifth report of the IPCC, the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide we are now recording are unprecedented for (at least) the past ________.

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation may be impacted by climate change because of ________.

If there were no gases in Earth's atmosphere, the average surface temperature would be similar to the 1840s before the Industrial Revolution.

A period of abrupt cooling that occurred (geologically) recently from about 1350-1850 is called the ________.

A warmer ocean has been linked to ________.

We can mitigate abrupt climate change in the short term by not using fossil fuels.