Exam 16: The Oceans and Climate Disruption

The CLAW hypothesis links increasing ocean temperature to the production of more ________.

Commercial companies have considered large-scale ocean fertilization with all of the following to create phytoplankton blooms except ________.

Ocean acidification is sometimes called "the other CO₂ problem."

Methane can exhibit ________ times more greenhouse potential than carbon dioxide.

Cloud condensation nuclei include ________.

Scientists have reported increased temperatures at depths greater than ________ in the North Atlantic where thermohaline circulation rapidly transports surface water to depth.

Cloud formation is an example of a positive-feedback mechanism that modulates climate.

Large-scale iron fertilization could lead to enhanced hypoxia or anoxia.

Proposals to directly manipulate Earth's climate are called "geoengineering."

Warmer global seawater temperatures are expected to slow down the microbial loop.

The Copenhagen Accord ________.

Earth's climate changes on timescales of about 23,000 to 400,000 years caused by ________.

The Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen Accord are binding agreements requiring countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Proxies are indirect estimates of temperature, ocean salinity, precipitation, and other environmental parameters.

Gradual climate change is not caused by changes in Earth's ________.

As the oceans change temperature, many marine animals ________.

The most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere is ________.

To detect trends in primary productivity related to climate change, scientists need ________ years of global data, such as can be obtained from ocean color satellites.

The albedo, or reflectivity, increases (from lowest to highest) in which sequence?

Climate change can be related to plate tectonic activity.