Question 1

If the salinity of ocean water is 36‰, there are ________ g of salt left from evaporating 2 kg of seawater.

Accepted Answer

A)  9 
B)  18 
C)  36 
D)  54 
E)  72 
A)  9 
B)  18 
C)  36 
D)  54 
E)  72

Question 2

The percentage of oxygen dissolved in seawater is greater in surface waters than in the deep ocean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Surface salinities at high latitudes tend to be greater in summer than winter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In the process called osmosis, water naturally travels through a semipermeable membrane from the side of low salt concentration to the side of high salt concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Salinity of seawater is approximately equal to the total dissolved salts in seawater expressed as grams of salt per kilogram of seawater.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which ion has the shortest residence time in the oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride 
B)  Sodium 
C)  Potassium 
D)  Sulfate 
E)  Iron 
A)  Chloride 
B)  Sodium 
C)  Potassium 
D)  Sulfate 
E)  Iron

Question 7

The rate at which the oceans absorb carbon dioxide is controlled by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature, salinity and pressure 
B)  pH 
C)  mixing and circulation processes 
D)  temperature, salinity and pressure, pH, and mixing and circulation processes 
A)  temperature, salinity and pressure 
B)  pH 
C)  mixing and circulation processes 
D)  temperature, salinity and pressure, pH, and mixing and circulation processes

Question 8

The dissolving ability of water is related to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms 
B)  its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules 
C)  its ability to transmit energy from water molecule to water molecule 
D)  the attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms and its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules 
E)  the attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms, its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, and its ability to transmit energy from water molecule to water molecule 
A)  the attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms 
B)  its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules 
C)  its ability to transmit energy from water molecule to water molecule 
D)  the attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms and its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules 
E)  the attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms, its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, and its ability to transmit energy from water molecule to water molecule

Question 9

Dittmar analyzed approximately seventy seawater samples collected around the world during the Challenger Expedition. He concluded that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  seawater had the same salinity worldwide 
B)  salt content changes due to processes that add or subtract salt 
C)  the major ions were always present in the same ratios 
D)  dissolved gases are always present in the same ratios 
E)  the major ions were always present in the same ratios and dissolved gases are always present in the same ratios 
A)  seawater had the same salinity worldwide 
B)  salt content changes due to processes that add or subtract salt 
C)  the major ions were always present in the same ratios 
D)  dissolved gases are always present in the same ratios 
E)  the major ions were always present in the same ratios and dissolved gases are always present in the same ratios

Question 10

Instruments used to measure the electrical conductivity of seawater can produce continuous readings of salinity with depth or continuous readings of salinity with time at a fixed depth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Trace elements in seawater are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  toxic to marine life forms 
B)  necessary for many marine life forms 
C)  found in concentrations suitable for commercial use 
D)  significant components of the total salt content of seawater 
E)  in higher concentrations at lower salinities 
A)  toxic to marine life forms 
B)  necessary for many marine life forms 
C)  found in concentrations suitable for commercial use 
D)  significant components of the total salt content of seawater 
E)  in higher concentrations at lower salinities

Question 12

Anoxic water contains too much oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Formation of evaporites acts to add salts to seawater.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following chemicals is commercially extracted from seawater?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sulfur 
B)  Gold 
C)  Manganese 
D)  Bromine 
E)  Phosphate 
A)  Sulfur 
B)  Gold 
C)  Manganese 
D)  Bromine 
E)  Phosphate

Question 15

The total change in concentration of carbon dioxide with depth is small because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid and bicarbonate 
B)  decay occurs at all depths 
C)  photosynthesis occurs only at the surface 
D)  carbon dioxide is added directly from the atmosphere 
E)  carbon dioxide reacts with oxygen 
A)  carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid and bicarbonate 
B)  decay occurs at all depths 
C)  photosynthesis occurs only at the surface 
D)  carbon dioxide is added directly from the atmosphere 
E)  carbon dioxide reacts with oxygen

Question 16

The ratio of chlorine to sodium in seawater is about 1.8.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

If a chemical is not very abundant in the ocean but has a high rate of delivery to the ocean from land sources, it will have a ________ residence time in the ocean and will ________ become part of the seafloor sediments.

Accepted Answer

A)  long; quickly 
B)  long; slowly 
C)  short; quickly 
D)  short; slowly 
E)  variable; variably 
A)  long; quickly 
B)  long; slowly 
C)  short; quickly 
D)  short; slowly 
E)  variable; variably

Question 18

Oxygen (O2) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is not affected by photosynthesis 
B)  is typically found in the lowest concentrations where photosynthesis takes place 
C)  is of no use whatsoever to any organism in the euphotic zone 
D)  All of these are correct 
E)  None of these is correct 
A)  is not affected by photosynthesis 
B)  is typically found in the lowest concentrations where photosynthesis takes place 
C)  is of no use whatsoever to any organism in the euphotic zone 
D)  All of these are correct 
E)  None of these is correct

Question 19

An ion with a positive charge is called a(n) ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ion with a positive charge is...

Question 20

The salinity of a water sample can be determined by multiplying its ________ by 1.80655.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The salinity of a water sample can...

If the salinity of ocean water is 36‰, there are ________ g of salt left from evaporating 2 kg of seawater.

The percentage of oxygen dissolved in seawater is greater in surface waters than in the deep ocean.

Surface salinities at high latitudes tend to be greater in summer than winter.

In the process called osmosis, water naturally travels through a semipermeable membrane from the side of low salt concentration to the side of high salt concentration.

Salinity of seawater is approximately equal to the total dissolved salts in seawater expressed as grams of salt per kilogram of seawater.

Which ion has the shortest residence time in the oceans?

The rate at which the oceans absorb carbon dioxide is controlled by ________.

The dissolving ability of water is related to ________.

Dittmar analyzed approximately seventy seawater samples collected around the world during the Challenger Expedition. He concluded that ________.

Instruments used to measure the electrical conductivity of seawater can produce continuous readings of salinity with depth or continuous readings of salinity with time at a fixed depth.

Trace elements in seawater are ________.

Anoxic water contains too much oxygen.

Formation of evaporites acts to add salts to seawater.

Which of the following chemicals is commercially extracted from seawater?

The total change in concentration of carbon dioxide with depth is small because ________.

The ratio of chlorine to sodium in seawater is about 1.8.

If a chemical is not very abundant in the ocean but has a high rate of delivery to the ocean from land sources, it will have a residence time in the ocean and will become part of the seafloor sediments.

Oxygen (O₂) ________.

An ion with a positive charge is called a(n) ________

The salinity of a water sample can be determined by multiplying its ________ by 1.80655.

The Water Planet

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

The Sea Floor and Its Sediments

The Physical Properties of Water

The Atmosphere and the Oceans

Ocean Structure and Circulation

The Waves

The Tides

Coasts, Beaches, and Estuaries

The Living Ocean

The Plankton, Productivity, and Food Webs

The Nekton: Swimmers of the Sea

The Benthos: Living on the Sea Floor

Environmental Issues

The Oceans and Climate Disruption

Filters

Exam 5: The Chemistry of Seawater

If the salinity of ocean water is 36‰, there are ________ g of salt left from evaporating 2 kg of seawater.

The percentage of oxygen dissolved in seawater is greater in surface waters than in the deep ocean.

Surface salinities at high latitudes tend to be greater in summer than winter.

In the process called osmosis, water naturally travels through a semipermeable membrane from the side of low salt concentration to the side of high salt concentration.

Salinity of seawater is approximately equal to the total dissolved salts in seawater expressed as grams of salt per kilogram of seawater.

Which ion has the shortest residence time in the oceans?

The rate at which the oceans absorb carbon dioxide is controlled by ________.

The dissolving ability of water is related to ________.

Dittmar analyzed approximately seventy seawater samples collected around the world during the Challenger Expedition. He concluded that ________.

Instruments used to measure the electrical conductivity of seawater can produce continuous readings of salinity with depth or continuous readings of salinity with time at a fixed depth.

Trace elements in seawater are ________.

Anoxic water contains too much oxygen.

Formation of evaporites acts to add salts to seawater.

Which of the following chemicals is commercially extracted from seawater?

The total change in concentration of carbon dioxide with depth is small because ________.

The ratio of chlorine to sodium in seawater is about 1.8.

If a chemical is not very abundant in the ocean but has a high rate of delivery to the ocean from land sources, it will have a ________ residence time in the ocean and will ________ become part of the seafloor sediments.

Oxygen (O2) ________.

An ion with a positive charge is called a(n) ________

The salinity of a water sample can be determined by multiplying its ________ by 1.80655.

The Water Planet

Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

The Sea Floor and Its Sediments

The Physical Properties of Water

The Atmosphere and the Oceans

Ocean Structure and Circulation

The Waves

The Tides

Coasts, Beaches, and Estuaries

The Living Ocean

The Plankton, Productivity, and Food Webs

The Nekton: Swimmers of the Sea

The Benthos: Living on the Sea Floor

Environmental Issues

The Oceans and Climate Disruption

Filters

If a chemical is not very abundant in the ocean but has a high rate of delivery to the ocean from land sources, it will have a residence time in the ocean and will become part of the seafloor sediments.

Oxygen (O₂) ________.