Exam 12: The Plankton, Productivity, and Food Webs

Zooplankton are always ________.

Coccolithophorids and diatoms both use calcium carbonate as part of their external skeletons, or shells.

Holoplankton spend part of their lives in the water column and part of their lives in the benthos.

Meroplankton spend only a part of their lifecycle in the water column. Common examples include ________.

Upwelling areas are more productive than oceanic areas because ________ in upwellings.

As a general rule, total biomass ________, size of individuals ________, and number of individuals ________ as you move up a trophic pyramid.

Adding iron to the surface of the ocean has been shown to ________.

Productivity in tropical oceans is limited by nutrient availability.

The upper boundary of the aphotic zone is determined by the depth of solar light penetration.

The vast open ocean is dominated by picoplankton that are efficiently grazed by ________.

The most abundant phytoplankton in the open ocean is the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus.

Dinoflagellates and coccolithophores belong to the ________.

The period of highest productivity in polar areas is ________.

Primary productivity is best described as ________.

Areas of divergence promote higher rates of primary production.

Approximately the same amount of primary productivity occurs in the oceans as occurs on land.

Crustacean zooplankton include the following groups except ________.

Productivity is higher at a surface convergence than surface divergence.

Common photosynthetic pigments include all of the following except ________.

Primary productivity is measured in terms of gC/m²/day.