Question 1

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 2

Which of the following types of radioactive decay does not produce new element?

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma emission 
B)  electron capture 
C)  beta emission 
D)  alpha emission 
E)  double beta emission 
A)  gamma emission 
B)  electron capture 
C)  beta emission 
D)  alpha emission 
E)  double beta emission

Question 3

Which of the following cannot be an example of nuclear fusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A nuclear reaction in which two reactants have greater binding energy than their fused product. 
B)  A nuclear reaction in which a carbon nucleus is produced. 
C)  The primary energy-producing reaction in the Sun. 
D)  The primary energy-producing reaction in a hydrogen bomb. 
E)  A reaction in which the reactants are less stable than the products. 
A)  A nuclear reaction in which two reactants have greater binding energy than their fused product. 
B)  A nuclear reaction in which a carbon nucleus is produced. 
C)  The primary energy-producing reaction in the Sun. 
D)  The primary energy-producing reaction in a hydrogen bomb. 
E)  A reaction in which the reactants are less stable than the products.

Question 4

The radiochemist, Will I. Glow, studied thorium-232 and found that 2.82 × 10-7 moles emitted 8.42 × 106 α particles in one year. What is the decay constant for thorium-232?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.35 × 10-14 yr-1 
B)  4.96 × 10-11 yr-1 
C)  1.40 × 1010 yr-1 
D)  2.99 × 1013 yr-1 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  3.35 × 10-14 yr-1 
B)  4.96 × 10-11 yr-1 
C)  1.40 × 1010 yr-1 
D)  2.99 × 1013 yr-1 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 5

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 6

Radioactive decay follows zero-order kinetics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A patient's thyroid gland is to be exposed to an average of 5.5 μCi for 16 days as an ingested sample of iodine-131 decays. If the energy of the β radiation is 9.7 × 10-14 J and the mass of the thyroid is 32.0 g, what is the dose received by the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.027 rads 
B)  1.2 rads 
C)  37 rads 
D)  85 rads 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  0.027 rads 
B)  1.2 rads 
C)  37 rads 
D)  85 rads 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 8

Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the   nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 9

Carbon-14 will emit a β particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV. What is this energy in joules?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 × 10-24 J 
B)  2.5 × 10-20 J 
C)  1.0 × 10-18 J 
D)  2.5 × 10-14 J 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  1.0 × 10-24 J 
B)  2.5 × 10-20 J 
C)  1.0 × 10-18 J 
D)  2.5 × 10-14 J 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 10

A 7.85 × 10-5 mol sample of copper-61 emits 1.47 × 1019 positrons in 90.0 minutes. What is the decay constant for copper-61?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.00230 h-1 
B)  0.00346 h-1 
C)  0.207 h-1 
D)  0.311 h-1 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  0.00230 h-1 
B)  0.00346 h-1 
C)  0.207 h-1 
D)  0.311 h-1 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 11

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)   
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 12

So-called "magic numbers" of particles are thought to convey extra stability to certain nuclei. These magic numbers refer to which of the following particles?

Accepted Answer

A)  protons only 
B)  electrons only 
C)  positrons only 
D)  neutrons only 
E)  protons and neutrons 
A)  protons only 
B)  electrons only 
C)  positrons only 
D)  neutrons only 
E)  protons and neutrons

Question 13

Which one of the following elements is formed largely in supernova explosions?

Accepted Answer

A)  H 
B)  He 
C)  Mg 
D)  Fe 
E)  U 
A)  H 
B)  He 
C)  Mg 
D)  Fe 
E)  U

Question 14

Positron decay and electron capture have the same net effect on the Z and N values of a nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Iodine-131, t1/2 = 8.0 days, is used in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases. If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 1018 β particles per day, how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 1017 β particles per day?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.0 days 
B)  16 days 
C)  32 days 
D)  128 days 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  2.0 days 
B)  16 days 
C)  32 days 
D)  128 days 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 16

A 9.52 × 10-5 mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 1016 β particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.23 × 10-3 h 
B)  1.55 × 10-3 h 
C)  448 h 
D)  645 h 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  2.23 × 10-3 h 
B)  1.55 × 10-3 h 
C)  448 h 
D)  645 h 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 17

An isotope with a low value of N/Z will generally decay through

Accepted Answer

A)  α decay. 
B)  β decay. 
C)    decay. 
D)  electron capture. 
E)  spontaneous fission. 
A)  α decay. 
B)  β decay. 
C)    decay. 
D)  electron capture. 
E)  spontaneous fission.

Question 18

The isotope   is unstable. This is predictable because

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of neutrons is too large in relation to the number of protons. 
B)  the number of neutrons is too small in relation to the number of protons. 
C)  the atomic number is too large. 
D)  the mass number is too large. 
E)  Sc isotopes are all unstable. 
A)  the number of neutrons is too large in relation to the number of protons. 
B)  the number of neutrons is too small in relation to the number of protons. 
C)  the atomic number is too large. 
D)  the mass number is too large. 
E)  Sc isotopes are all unstable.

Question 19

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)   
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 20

Sodium-21 will emit positrons each having an energy of 4.0 × 10-13 J. What is this energy in MeV?

Accepted Answer

A)  4.0 × 10-7 MeV 
B)  2.5 MeV 
C)  40 MeV 
D)  2.5 × 106 MeV 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  4.0 × 10-7 MeV 
B)  2.5 MeV 
C)  40 MeV 
D)  2.5 × 106 MeV 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Exam 24: Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction.

Which of the following types of radioactive decay does not produce new element?

Which of the following cannot be an example of nuclear fusion?

The radiochemist, Will I. Glow, studied thorium-232 and found that 2.82 × 10-7 moles emitted 8.42 × 106 α particles in one year. What is the decay constant for thorium-232?

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Radioactive decay follows zero-order kinetics.

A patient's thyroid gland is to be exposed to an average of 5.5 μCi for 16 days as an ingested sample of iodine-131 decays. If the energy of the β radiation is 9.7 × 10-14 J and the mass of the thyroid is 32.0 g, what is the dose received by the patient?

Which one of the following equations correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus?

Carbon-14 will emit a β particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV. What is this energy in joules?

A 7.85 × 10-5 mol sample of copper-61 emits 1.47 × 1019 positrons in 90.0 minutes. What is the decay constant for copper-61?

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

So-called "magic numbers" of particles are thought to convey extra stability to certain nuclei. These magic numbers refer to which of the following particles?

Which one of the following elements is formed largely in supernova explosions?

Positron decay and electron capture have the same net effect on the Z and N values of a nucleus.

Iodine-131, t1/2 = 8.0 days, is used in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases. If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 1018 β particles per day, how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 1017 β particles per day?

A 9.52 × 10-5 mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 1016 β particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?

An isotope with a low value of N/Z will generally decay through

The isotope is unstable. This is predictable because

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction.

Sodium-21 will emit positrons each having an energy of 4.0 × 10-13 J. What is this energy in MeV?

Keys to Studying Chemistry Definitions, Units, and Problem Solving

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics Entropy, Free Energy, and Reaction Direction

Electrochemistry Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Elements in Nature and Industry

Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Filters

The radiochemist, Will I. Glow, studied thorium-232 and found that 2.82 × 10^-7 moles emitted 8.42 × 10⁶ α particles in one year. What is the decay constant for thorium-232?

A patient's thyroid gland is to be exposed to an average of 5.5 μCi for 16 days as an ingested sample of iodine-131 decays. If the energy of the β radiation is 9.7 × 10^-14 J and the mass of the thyroid is 32.0 g, what is the dose received by the patient?

A 7.85 × 10^-5 mol sample of copper-61 emits 1.47 × 10¹⁹ positrons in 90.0 minutes. What is the decay constant for copper-61?

Iodine-131, t_1/2 = 8.0 days, is used in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases. If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 10¹⁸ β particles per day, how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 10¹⁷ β particles per day?

A 9.52 × 10^-5 mol sample of rubidium-86 emits 8.87 × 10¹⁶ β particles in one hour. What is the half-life of rubidium-86?

Sodium-21 will emit positrons each having an energy of 4.0 × 10^-13 J. What is this energy in MeV?