Exam 6: Research Design and Causation

Historically,Southern cities have been more spatially integrated by race than have Northern cities.This is an example of ______.

Describe the difference between nomothetic and idiographic causal explanations.How do these differ from case-oriented understanding?

Researcher M found that when temperatures rise,so does the crime rate.Researcher M has satisfied which criterion for causality?

Fixed sample panel studies are distinguished by which of the following designs.

A repeated cross-sectional design is also known as a ______.

While investigating why juveniles commit murder,a researcher extensively interviews one 13 year old who was convicted of this crime.The researcher paid careful attention to the specific conditions of this juvenile offender that led to his crime,such as his relationship with his parents,his peers,his previous delinquency,his psychological health,his biological health,his educational experiences,his contact with role models,his exposure to media,and his history of violent behavior.This study is a good example of what type of causal explanation?

The problem of panel members growing weary of repeated interviews,which could cause participants to drop out of the study or give thoughtless answers to standard questions,is called ______.

The narrative is a critical element in which of the following?

Outline the three types of longitudinal research designs.What are the strengths and potential weaknesses of each?

Quantitative research generally seeks to test idiographic causal explanations using either experimental or nonexperimental designs.

Time order cannot be established in cross-sectional research designs.

In their study of influences on violent crime in Chicago neighborhoods,Robert Sampson,Stephen Raudenbush,and Felton Earls (1997,p.919)hypothesized that efficacy would influence neighborhood crime rates.Collective efficacy was defined conceptually as a characteristic of the neighborhood: the extent to which residents were likely to help other residents and were trusted by other residents.To test this hypothesis,the researchers surveyed individuals from different neighborhoods.What is the unit of analysis in this study?

What is the first criterion for identifying a nomothetic causal effect?

In nonexperimental research designs,which technique is usually used to establish nonspuriousness?

A cohort has which of the following characteristics?

In experimental designs,what reduces the risk of spuriousness?

Researcher K is interested in the effects of gender on educational attainment,so she asked one member of 100 households to provide the gender and number of years of education completed for adults in the household.In K's study,the unit of analysis is ______.

What is the appearance of phenomena at a group level that cannot be explained by the properties of individuals within the group?

Cross-sectional research collects data at one point in time.

The unit of analysis is the level of social life from which data are collected.