Exam 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control

Obedience refers to

The term social control refers to

Which of the following connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists?

Social control carried out by authorized agents-such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers-is called

A bank president is found guilty of tax evasion. In addition to paying the government all the money he owes with substantial interest, he is sentenced to three years' probation and a $50,000 fine. At the same time, a female teller at the same bank is found guilty of stealing $500. The teller is sentenced to a prison term of no less than four years. This differential treatment would be of particular concern to sociologists using the

Which term is used in the sociological literature to describe a loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective?

Which sociological perspective's approach explains why rule violation continues to exist in societies despite pressures to conform and obey, but fails to indicate how a given person comes to commit a deviant act or why on some occasions crimes do or do not occur?

Which perspective would look to the disproportionate economic and lobbying power wielded by groups such as the National Rifle Association in the debate over gun violence in U.S. society?

Which conflict sociologist argues that the criminal justice system serves the interests of the powerful and that lawmaking is often an attempt by the powerful to coerce others into their own morality?

Discuss why the definitions of deviance and social stigma are dependent on cultural variations and socially accepted norms. Give examples of how people are stigmatized for behaviors they may no longer engage in.

Social control carried out casually by people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule is known as

The contemporary study of possible genetic roots of criminality is but one aspect of the larger debate over

The social constructionist perspective is most closely affiliated with which other sociological explanation of deviance?

Jennifer is attending a business luncheon with several corporate executives. At one point during the meal, she reaches in front of another executive for a saltshaker and hits the executive's arm as he is about to put a spoonful of soup in his mouth. The soup spills on his shirt, and he glares at Jennifer. The glare is an example of a(n)

The work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in the smuggling and sale of drugs, prostitution, gambling, and other illegal activities is called

Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the stigmatizing nature of formal social controls that require convicted sex offenders to register with police agencies and have their pictures published in newspapers to make their identities publicly known?

Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions?

Both men and women in the U.S. may be stigmatized when they fail to conform to standards of attractiveness.

According to Robert Merton, an innovator is an individual who has

A person convicted of a crime-even when prior arrest record and severity of the crime are taken into account-is more likely to receive a shorter prison sentence if he or she is