Exam 5: Groups and Organizations

Clay is a high-ranking executive of Harley-Davidson Company. He is a member of the Free Wheelers, a motorcycle group. On the weekends, the Free Wheelers go camping and fishing and often sponsor community service programs. Clay would be considered a member of a(n) .

Because they have less of an investment in the existing dominant culture, young people are more likely than older people to join countercultures.

____________refers to the knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society.

Birds do not learn to build nests. They build nests because of____________ triggered by the biological need for protection and reproduction.

Values are standards that provide criteria by which we evaluate people, objects, and events. They also dictate which behaviors are appropriate and which ones are not.

Sociologists define ____________as the knowledge, techniques, and tools that make it possible for people to transform resources into usable forms, and the knowledge and skills required to use them after they are developed.

A key difference between society and culture is____________.

In every society a gap exists between the values that people profess to hold and their actual behavior, which may not be consistent with those values.

According to a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center, which of these is a shift in values from those reported by Williams in 1970?

After having successfully negotiated an important business contract with a major client, Jocelyn's boss congratulated her and promised her a significant pay raise. In this situation, Jocelyn is receiving what sociologists term a(n) __________.

Americans generally have less faith in science and technology than people in other Western countries.

____________are informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture. They provide rules for conduct but are not considered to be essential to society's survival.

Which of these statements about culture is not true?

Functionalists tend to believe that shared values are essential for the maintenance of a society.

Which of these statements about subcultures is false?

During the Olympics, competition and a spirit of nationalism and patriotism encourage people to think of their own nation as "the best." This is an example of ____________.

A ____________is a group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks an alternative lifestyle.

____________norms state what behavior is appropriate or acceptable. For example, persons making a certain amount of money are expected to file a tax return and pay any taxes they owe.

The popularity of piñatas in China, Italy, Spain, Mexico, the United States, and other nations is an example of __________.

Postmodern theorists such as Baudrillard refer to____________ as a situation in which the simulation of reality is more real than experiencing the event itself.