Exam 8: Global Stratification

Becker coined the term ___________to refer to those who use their own perspectives on "right" and "wrong" to create the rules about what constitutes deviant or conventional behavior.

Sociologists ___________suggested that, for deviance to occur, people must have access to illegitimate opportunity structures-circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegitimate activities what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels.

According to the Internet Crime Complaint Center, which of the following is the most-reported Internet crime scam?

Durkheim used the term___________ for the condition in which social norms are weak, conflicting, or absent.

The___________ theory of deviance states that deviant behavior occurs when a person weighs the costs and benefits of deviant behavior and concludes that the benefits outweigh the risks.

From a sociological perspective, definitions of deviance originate___________ .

___________are most likely to emphasize that the study of deviance reveals how the powerful exert authority over the powerless by taking away their free will to think and act as they might choose.

A minister who is opposed to war conducts a nonviolent protest at a local military installation, thus committing a trespassing violation. Applying Merton's typology from strain theory, this behavior is an example of___________ .

Define punishment, state the four functions of punishment, and explain the restorative justice perspective.

Which function of deviance is illustrated by the recent Black Lives Matter protesters?

Corporate crimes are often more costly in terms of money and lives lost than violent crimes.

Criminologist Ronald Akers created the ___________theory, which combines differential association theory with elements of psychological learning theory, suggesting that both deviant behavior and conventional behavior are learned through the same social processes.

Juveniles are subject to the same legal process and types of punishment as adults, only in a different system.

The United States has 5 percent of the world's population and accounts for___________ of the world's prison population.

Based on the symbolic interactionist theory of sociologists Charles H. Cooley and George H. Mead, the ___________theory states that deviance is a socially constructed process in which social control agencies designate certain people as deviants, and they, in turn, come to accept the marker placed upon them and begin to act accordingly.

In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (in Furman v. Georgia) that the death penalty ___________.

Which of the following is a discretionary power of a prosecutor?