Exam 8: Global Stratification

Sometimes people give up on societal goals but still adhere to the socially approved means for achieving them; Merton termed this ___________.

The sociological term for the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to discourage deviance is___________ .

Define criminal justice system, and describe how the police and courts have considerable discretion in dealing with offenders.

___________refers to the use of negative sanctions that proscribe certain behaviors and set forth the punishments for rule breakers and nonconformists.

Which of these would not be considered corporate crime?

A ___________is a minor crime that is typically punishable by less than one year in jail.

Explain Foucault's concept of the panopticon and its relevance for the study of deviance.

Drug use and addiction is prevalent within ___________gangs that are unable to gain success through legitimate means and are unwilling to do so through illegal ones.

Organized crime thrives primarily because______________________ .

Organized crime is generally not associated with ____________.

The median age of an individual committing___________ is typically older than that of those committing other types of crimes.

During the mid-1970s, advocates of___________ theory predicted that women's crime rates would increase significantly as a result of the women's liberation movement.

A person may shoplift an item of clothing from a department store and be apprehended and labeled as a "thief," subsequently accept that label, and then go on to shoplift more in the future. This future behavior is an example of __________.

According to Merton's strain theory, ___________occurs when people accept culturally approved goals and pursue them through approved means.

Applying Merton's strain theory, skid-row alcoholics and drug addicts illustrate the concept of ___________.

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) was developed by the___________ .

From a functionalist perspective, deviance is always functional.

Discuss three different approaches from the conflict perspective as they apply to deviance.

The___________ feminist approach is based on the assumption that women are exploited by both capitalism and patriarchy. From this approach, women's criminal behavior is linked to gender conflict created by the economic and social struggle that often takes place in postindustrial societies.

A person may shoplift an item of clothing from a department store but not be apprehended or labeled as a deviant. The person may subsequently decide to forgo such behavior in the future. This example illustrates what stage of deviance?