Exam 15: Population and Urbanization

The United Nations defines high-, intermediate-, and low-fertility countries according to the ______________.

___________is an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year.

Discuss rates of fertility and fecundity in a global context. Define the terms and explain the factors that determine each. Describe the categories of nations based on fertility that were created by the United Nations. Give an example of at least one country in each category.

English economist___________, one of the first scholars to systematically study the effects of population, argued that "the power of population is infinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce subsistence (food) for man."

For economist Thomas Malthus,___________ is the only acceptable preventive check on population.

Farming and agricultural-related work continues to be the dominant way of life in rural areas of the United States.

There is a lack of consensus among scholars about the consequences of global population growth.

Demographers use the term______________ for a group of people who live in a specified geographic area and who are under study.

Explain the concept of the demographic transition, and discuss its applicability to different types of societies.

The ______________is measured as the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Durkheim's concept of___________ is characterized by interdependence based on the elaborate division of labor found in large, urban societies.

People migrate either voluntarily or involuntarily. Which of these is considered a "push" factor for international migration?

Explain the emergence of cities and the transition to preindustrial and industrial cities. Include the three preconditions required for the emergence of cities.

In the United States, the estimated sex ratio for 2014 was___________

______________countries are those in which women are not having enough children to ensure that on average a daughter will survive to childbearing age.

In urbanized areas,___________ may be measured by the number of people who live per room, per block, or per square mile.

According to some contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective, the greatest crisis today facing low- income nations is ___________, not a food shortage.

During the demographic transition stage of ___________, birth rates continue to decline as more women gain full- time employment and the cost of raising children continues to increase. The population grows very slowly, if at all, because the decrease in birth rates is coupled with a stable death rate.

In low-income, less-developed nations, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death.

Explain the concept of the sex ratio, and describe the sex ratio at different life stages in the United States.