Exam 15: Population and Urbanization

The level of fertility in a society is based on biological and social factors, the primary biological factor being the __________.

In contrast to the earliest cities, industrial cities were characterized by impersonal and specialized relationships with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. Tӧnnies's term for this is___________ .

In most areas of the world today, women are having fewer children than they have in the past.

Neo-Malthusians refer to ___________as the point at which no population increase occurs from year to year because the number of births plus immigrants is equal to the number of deaths plus emigrants.

___________is the study of the relationship between people and their physical environment.

Discuss mortality within a global context. Define the terms demographers use to study mortality. Discuss changes in levels and causes of mortality over time and in different types of countries.

___________is the number of people living in a specific geographic area.

Once a flow of international migration has begun, the pattern may continue because immigrants have personal ties with relatives and friends who are potential migrants to the new country. This is the essence of ___________.

Immigration to the United States has declined in recent years due to job loss and a period of economic crisis.

The enduring significant contribution of Marx and Engels to the study of demography is the suggestion that ____________.

Urban ecologist Hoyt examined the layouts of 142 cities and concluded that different types of terrain as well as transportation routes are important factors in how a city is organized. This led to the creation of the for ___________the growth of cities.

According to sociologist Ferdinand Tӧnnies, many preindustrial cities could be described as being___________ , a society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability.

For persons born in the United States in 2014, life expectancy at birth was about ___________.

The most commonly used graphic depiction of the age/sex distribution of a population is called a(n)___________ .

The majority of new urban growth comes from natural increases in population due to high birth rates and lower death rates.

___________is the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency. It affects the size and distribution of the population in a given area.

Cities undergo economic recovery more quickly than do entire nations.

Explain the political economy models of urban growth that are rooted in the conflict perspective.

Define the multiple nuclei model and the sector model of urban growth, both of which originate within the functionalist perspective.

______________refers to the actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population.