Exam 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change

___________movements seek to prevent change or to undo change that has already occurred.

Discuss the conditions under which social movements are most likely to emerge, and explain the stages in the development of social movements.

Movements that seek to produce radical change in individuals and are based on spiritual or supernatural belief systems are called___________movements.

Explain Le Bon's contagion theory of collective behavior, including the major criticisms of it.

Emergent norm theory is rooted in the ___________perspective.

The most common target of social movement activity is___________ .

___________movements seek to bring about a total change in society. These movements usually do not attempt to work within the existing system; rather, they aim to remake the system by replacing existing institutions with new ones.

___________is an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action. It tends to be long lasting, is organized, and has specific goals or purposes.

Explain what Kai Erikson meant when he referred to a "new species of trouble" in the form of new forms of environmental problems.

In the 1960s, African American students and sympathetic whites used sit-ins to call attention to racial injustice and demand social change. When these protests escalated into violent confrontations, these groups became __________ crowds.

The looting and other behavior that took place in Los Angeles after the Rodney King trial and celebrations that turn violent after some sporting events are both examples of___________ .

Students gathered at a college lecture are an example of a(n) ___________crowd. The event has a preestablished schedule and norms so that interaction is likely. The crowd is essential to the event.

Not all collective behavior takes place in face-to-face collectivities.___________ behavior is collective behavior that takes place when people who may be geographically separated from one another respond to the same event in much the same way.

The difference between a fad and a fashion is that ___________.

Distinguish between crowds and masses as forms of collective behavior.

Contagion theory holds that___________ .

In the___________ stage of a social movement, people begin to organize and to publicize the problem. At this stage, some movements become formally organized at local and regional levels.

Facebook friends and people following someone on Twitter are examples of technology used to create a(n) __________ .

A(n) ___________is a highly emotional crowd whose members engage in, or are ready to engage in, violence against a specific target (such as a person, a category of people, or physical property).

The perspective of___________ suggests that people with similar attributes find a collectivity of like-minded persons with whom they can express their underlying personal tendencies.