Question 1

If citrate levels are high in the cell,but ATP levels are low,what do you think will happen in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) In the presence of glucose,glycolysis will run to generate energy for the cell,but the Citric acid cycle will be inhibited. 
B) Glycolysis will be inhibited,but the Citric acid cycle will be functional,allowing it to be utilized to break down acetyl-CoA generated from beta-oxidation. 
C) The electron transport chain will be inhibited,causing a build-up of NADH and FADH2.This will inhibit the Citric acid cycle,but in the presence of glucose,glycolysis will still run coupled with fermentation to regenerate NAD+. 
D) Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle will both be inhibited,thus under these conditions there will be no mechanism to generate ATP. 
A) In the presence of glucose,glycolysis will run to generate energy for the cell,but the Citric acid cycle will be inhibited. 
B) Glycolysis will be inhibited,but the Citric acid cycle will be functional,allowing it to be utilized to break down acetyl-CoA generated from beta-oxidation. 
C) The electron transport chain will be inhibited,causing a build-up of NADH and FADH2.This will inhibit the Citric acid cycle,but in the presence of glucose,glycolysis will still run coupled with fermentation to regenerate NAD+. 
D) Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle will both be inhibited,thus under these conditions there will be no mechanism to generate ATP.

Question 2

Organisms that depend on the energy stored in chemical bonds by other organisms for their food energy are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Autotrophs 
B) Heterotrophs 
C) Oligotrophs 
D) Chemotrophs 
A) Autotrophs 
B) Heterotrophs 
C) Oligotrophs 
D) Chemotrophs

Question 3

One way to generate acetyl-CoA is to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by stripping off a CO2 molecule.The removal of CO2 is referred to as what type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Decarboxylation 
B) Glycolytic 
C) Carboxylation 
D) Acetylation 
A) Decarboxylation 
B) Glycolytic 
C) Carboxylation 
D) Acetylation

Question 4

The Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria.There are nine biochemical reactions involved in the Citric acid cycle,and they are highly ordered.Select the correct order.(Note: These are abbreviated and do not show NAD,ADP,ATP,or FAD.)

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms beta-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate 
B) acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms malate → which forms fumarate → which forms oxaloacetate 
C) acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → forming citrate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate 
D) acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate 
A) acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms beta-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate 
B) acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms malate → which forms fumarate → which forms oxaloacetate 
C) acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → forming citrate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate 
D) acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate

Question 5

What are the products of one turn of the Citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 CO2,2 NADH,1 FADH2,1 ATP 
B) 2 CO2,3 NADH,1 FADH2,1 ATP 
C) 2 CO2,6 NADH,2 FADH2,2 ATP 
D) 4 CO2,6 NADH,2 FADH2,2 ATP 
E) 4 CO2,12 NADH,4 FADH2,4 ATP 
A) 1 CO2,2 NADH,1 FADH2,1 ATP 
B) 2 CO2,3 NADH,1 FADH2,1 ATP 
C) 2 CO2,6 NADH,2 FADH2,2 ATP 
D) 4 CO2,6 NADH,2 FADH2,2 ATP 
E) 4 CO2,12 NADH,4 FADH2,4 ATP

Question 6

What important metabolic intermediate does not cross the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) Acetyl-CoA 
C) Pyruvate 
D) Oxygen 
A) ATP 
B) Acetyl-CoA 
C) Pyruvate 
D) Oxygen

Question 7

Many of the antiviral drugs currently used to treat HIV/AIDS also interfere with an enzyme that helps mitochondria multiply.Treatment can therefore result in a decrease in the number of mitochondria found in certain tissues.Given this information,what might you expect to see in patients treated with antiviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in oxidative phosphorylation 
B) An increase in phosphofructokinase activity 
C) An increase in NADH dehydrogenase activity 
D) An increase in lactic acid levels 
A) An increase in oxidative phosphorylation 
B) An increase in phosphofructokinase activity 
C) An increase in NADH dehydrogenase activity 
D) An increase in lactic acid levels

Question 8

Cytochromes contain a heme group similar to that in hemoglobin.The iron atom (Fe)in the center of the group can be oxidized and reduced.If someone was suffering from iron deficiency anemia,what stage of cellular respiration would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis 
B) The Citric acid cycle 
C) The electron transport chain 
D) Fermentation 
A) Glycolysis 
B) The Citric acid cycle 
C) The electron transport chain 
D) Fermentation

Question 9

What oxidizing agent is used to temporarily store high energy electrons harvested from glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A) FADH2 
B) ADP 
C) NAD+ 
D) Oxygen 
A) FADH2 
B) ADP 
C) NAD+ 
D) Oxygen

Question 10

Regardless of the electron or hydrogen acceptor used,one of the products of fermentation is always

Accepted Answer

A) ADP. 
B) ATP. 
C) NAD+. 
D) pyruvate. 
E) alcohol. 
A) ADP. 
B) ATP. 
C) NAD+. 
D) pyruvate. 
E) alcohol.

Question 11

What would be the ATP yield for a molecule that is catabolized to form one molecule of pyruvate in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 ATP 
B) 12.5 ATP 
C) 25 ATP 
D) 30 ATP 
E) 11.5 ATP 
A) 10 ATP 
B) 12.5 ATP 
C) 25 ATP 
D) 30 ATP 
E) 11.5 ATP

Question 12

What is common to all of the oxidation reactions in the Citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) They all lead to the generation of NADH. 
B) They are all decarboxylation reactions. 
C) They are all characterized by a loss of electrons from an organic molecule coupled to the reduction of an electron acceptor. 
D) They all lead to substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP to generate ATP. 
A) They all lead to the generation of NADH. 
B) They are all decarboxylation reactions. 
C) They are all characterized by a loss of electrons from an organic molecule coupled to the reduction of an electron acceptor. 
D) They all lead to substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP to generate ATP.

Question 13

In glycolysis,a major portion of the energy remains in the final product,which is called

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) citrate. 
C) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). 
D) pyruvate. 
A) glucose. 
B) citrate. 
C) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). 
D) pyruvate.

Question 14

In the reaction catalyzed by aconitase,the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is inhibited by fluoroacetate.Fluoroacetate is used as a pesticide.Why is this an effective pesticide?

Accepted Answer

A) It inhibits glycolysis 
B) It inhibits pyruvate oxidation 
C) It inhibits the Citric acid cycle 
D) It inhibits the electron transport chain 
E) It inhibits ATP synthase 
A) It inhibits glycolysis 
B) It inhibits pyruvate oxidation 
C) It inhibits the Citric acid cycle 
D) It inhibits the electron transport chain 
E) It inhibits ATP synthase

Question 15

In the reaction: C4H6O4 + FAD →C4H4O4 + FADH2,what type of reaction took place to remove the protons from C4H6O4?

Accepted Answer

A) Decarboxylation 
B) Reduction 
C) Dehydrogenation 
D) Oxidation 
A) Decarboxylation 
B) Reduction 
C) Dehydrogenation 
D) Oxidation

Question 16

During what step of glycolysis are two ATP molecules required?

Accepted Answer

A) Cleavage and rearrangement 
B) Glucose priming 
C) Oxidation 
D) Pyruvate formation 
E) Acetyl-CoA formation 
A) Cleavage and rearrangement 
B) Glucose priming 
C) Oxidation 
D) Pyruvate formation 
E) Acetyl-CoA formation

Question 17

To form NADH from NAD+,two electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule.What term best describes the reaction in which electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) Condensation 
B) Reduction 
C) Dehydrogenation 
D) Decarboxylation 
E) Isomerization 
A) Condensation 
B) Reduction 
C) Dehydrogenation 
D) Decarboxylation 
E) Isomerization

Question 18

How many oxidation reactions occur during the Citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 9 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 9

Question 19

When substrate-level phosphorylation occurs,it means that:

Accepted Answer

A) NAD+ is converted into NADH. 
B) ATP is converted into ADP plus a phosphate group. 
C) ADP is converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group. 
D) NADH is converted into NAD+ plus a proton. 
A) NAD+ is converted into NADH. 
B) ATP is converted into ADP plus a phosphate group. 
C) ADP is converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group. 
D) NADH is converted into NAD+ plus a proton.

Exam 7: How Cells Harvest Energy

If citrate levels are high in the cell,but ATP levels are low,what do you think will happen in the cell?

Organisms that depend on the energy stored in chemical bonds by other organisms for their food energy are called ________.

One way to generate acetyl-CoA is to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by stripping off a CO2 molecule.The removal of CO2 is referred to as what type of reaction?

The Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria.There are nine biochemical reactions involved in the Citric acid cycle,and they are highly ordered.Select the correct order.(Note: These are abbreviated and do not show NAD,ADP,ATP,or FAD.)

What are the products of one turn of the Citric acid cycle?

What important metabolic intermediate does not cross the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

Cytochromes contain a heme group similar to that in hemoglobin.The iron atom (Fe)in the center of the group can be oxidized and reduced.If someone was suffering from iron deficiency anemia,what stage of cellular respiration would be most affected?

What oxidizing agent is used to temporarily store high energy electrons harvested from glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm?

Regardless of the electron or hydrogen acceptor used,one of the products of fermentation is always

What would be the ATP yield for a molecule that is catabolized to form one molecule of pyruvate in a eukaryotic cell?

What is common to all of the oxidation reactions in the Citric acid cycle?

In glycolysis,a major portion of the energy remains in the final product,which is called

In the reaction catalyzed by aconitase,the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is inhibited by fluoroacetate.Fluoroacetate is used as a pesticide.Why is this an effective pesticide?

In the reaction: C4H6O4 + FAD →C4H4O4 + FADH2,what type of reaction took place to remove the protons from C4H6O4?

During what step of glycolysis are two ATP molecules required?

To form NADH from NAD+,two electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule.What term best describes the reaction in which electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule?

How many oxidation reactions occur during the Citric acid cycle?

When substrate-level phosphorylation occurs,it means that:

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Filters

One way to generate acetyl-CoA is to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by stripping off a CO₂ molecule.The removal of CO₂ is referred to as what type of reaction?

In the reaction: C₄H₆O₄ + FAD →C₄H₄O₄ + FADH₂,what type of reaction took place to remove the protons from C₄H₆O₄?

To form NADH from NAD⁺,two electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule.What term best describes the reaction in which electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule?