Question 1

Initiation of transcription differs from initiation of DNA replication in several ways.One difference is that initiation of transcription does not require

Accepted Answer

A) a promoter. 
B) enzymes. 
C) a primer. 
D) a DNA template strand. 
A) a promoter. 
B) enzymes. 
C) a primer. 
D) a DNA template strand.

Question 2

The template strand of a DNA segment that codes for mRNA has the sequence: ATGCGT.Which tRNA anticodons would pair with the mRNA that is coded for by this sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) AUG CGU. 
B) ATG CGT. 
C) UAC GCA. 
D) UAG CGU. 
A) AUG CGU. 
B) ATG CGT. 
C) UAC GCA. 
D) UAG CGU.

Question 3

Transcription in prokaryotes is carried out by ________,which unwind(s)and transcribe(s)the gene.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA synthetase 
B) RNA polymerase II 
C) RNA polymerase III 
D) transcription factors 
E) RNA polymerase 
A) RNA synthetase 
B) RNA polymerase II 
C) RNA polymerase III 
D) transcription factors 
E) RNA polymerase

Question 4

You are attempting to synthesize rRNA in a test tube using DNA isolated from mouse cells.In addition to the template DNA,ribonucleotides,and the necessary transcription factors,you should also add ________ to the test tube.

Accepted Answer

A) poly-A polymerase 
B) RNA polymerase III 
C) RNA polymerase II 
D) RNA polymerase I 
A) poly-A polymerase 
B) RNA polymerase III 
C) RNA polymerase II 
D) RNA polymerase I

Question 5

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules may contain noncoding sequences that must be removed before translation.These are called

Accepted Answer

A) anticodons. 
B) introns. 
C) exons. 
D) nucleosomes. 
E) noncodons. 
A) anticodons. 
B) introns. 
C) exons. 
D) nucleosomes. 
E) noncodons.

Question 6

What is the best way to describe our current understanding of the one-gene/one-polypeptide hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) It continues to be an accurate description of how genes work. 
B) It is oversimplified,especially in eukaryotes. 
C) It has been replaced by the more accurate "one-gene/one-enzyme" hypothesis. 
D) It was true for fungi like Neurospora,but not for other species. 
A) It continues to be an accurate description of how genes work. 
B) It is oversimplified,especially in eukaryotes. 
C) It has been replaced by the more accurate "one-gene/one-enzyme" hypothesis. 
D) It was true for fungi like Neurospora,but not for other species.

Question 7

What would happen if snRNPs did not recognize the branch point within an intron?

Accepted Answer

A) A lariat would not form. 
B) snRNPs would not base-pair with the 5' end of the intron. 
C) A 3' poly A tail would not be added to the transcript. 
D) A 5' cap would not be added to the transcript. 
A) A lariat would not form. 
B) snRNPs would not base-pair with the 5' end of the intron. 
C) A 3' poly A tail would not be added to the transcript. 
D) A 5' cap would not be added to the transcript.

Question 8

A gene that codes for a protein was removed from a eukaryotic cell and inserted into a prokaryotic cell.Although the gene was successfully transcribed and translated,it produced a different protein than it produced in the eukaryotic cell.What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) There are slight differences in the genetic code for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
B) Unlike eukaryotes,which have three different RNA polymerases,prokaryotes have a single RNA polymerase. 
C) Eukaryotic genes often contain introns while prokaryotic genes do not. 
D) Eukaryotic transcripts have a 5' cap while prokaryotic transcripts do not. 
A) There are slight differences in the genetic code for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
B) Unlike eukaryotes,which have three different RNA polymerases,prokaryotes have a single RNA polymerase. 
C) Eukaryotic genes often contain introns while prokaryotic genes do not. 
D) Eukaryotic transcripts have a 5' cap while prokaryotic transcripts do not.

Question 9

Most eukaryotic genes contain noncoding sequences called ________ that are interspersed with the coding sequences.

Accepted Answer

A) introns 
B) exons 
C) codons 
D) spacers 
E) spliceosomes 
A) introns 
B) exons 
C) codons 
D) spacers 
E) spliceosomes

Question 10

The strand of DNA that is not transcribed is called the ________ strand.

Accepted Answer

A) coding 
B) noncoding 
C) template 
D) complementary 
A) coding 
B) noncoding 
C) template 
D) complementary

Question 11

During translation,the nucleotides that make up the mRNA are read in groups of three.These groups are called

Accepted Answer

A) codons. 
B) anticodons. 
C) exons. 
D) introns. 
E) templates. 
A) codons. 
B) anticodons. 
C) exons. 
D) introns. 
E) templates.

Question 12

How does DNA polymerase differ from RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A) Only RNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing chain. 
B) Only RNA polymerase requires a primer. 
C) Only DNA polymerase uses a template DNA strand to direct synthesis of a new nucleotide strand. 
D) Only DNA polymerase has a proofreading ability. 
A) Only RNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing chain. 
B) Only RNA polymerase requires a primer. 
C) Only DNA polymerase uses a template DNA strand to direct synthesis of a new nucleotide strand. 
D) Only DNA polymerase has a proofreading ability.

Question 13

The location of translation in prokaryotic cells is

Accepted Answer

A) in the nucleoid. 
B) on ribosomes. 
C) on the plasma membrane. 
D) on mesosomes. 
E) on chromosomes 
A) in the nucleoid. 
B) on ribosomes. 
C) on the plasma membrane. 
D) on mesosomes. 
E) on chromosomes

Question 14

What is required for formation of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) binding of a transcription factor to the TATA box,followed by recruitment of additional transcription factors and recruitment of RNA polymerase II 
B) binding of a transcription factor to the transcription bubble,followed by recruitment of additional transcription factors and recruitment of RNA polymerase III 
C) binding of the sigma subunit to the start site followed by recruitment of RNA polymerase II 
D) binding of RNA polymerase II to the TATA box,followed by recruitment of transcription factors 
E) binding of the sigma subunit to promoter elements at -35 and -10,followed by recruitment of the core polymerase 
A) binding of a transcription factor to the TATA box,followed by recruitment of additional transcription factors and recruitment of RNA polymerase II 
B) binding of a transcription factor to the transcription bubble,followed by recruitment of additional transcription factors and recruitment of RNA polymerase III 
C) binding of the sigma subunit to the start site followed by recruitment of RNA polymerase II 
D) binding of RNA polymerase II to the TATA box,followed by recruitment of transcription factors 
E) binding of the sigma subunit to promoter elements at -35 and -10,followed by recruitment of the core polymerase

Question 15

Eukaryotic pre-mRNA molecules are modified

Accepted Answer

A) in the cytoplasm. 
B) at the ribosome. 
C) inside the nucleus. 
D) as they pass through the nuclear membrane. 
E) at the transcription bubble. 
A) in the cytoplasm. 
B) at the ribosome. 
C) inside the nucleus. 
D) as they pass through the nuclear membrane. 
E) at the transcription bubble.

Question 16

If the genetic code were read in groups of two bases,how many different codons would be possible? (Enter your answer as a numeral not a word,e.g.enter 5 not "five".)

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the genetic code were read in...

Question 17

Given the sentence "THE FAT CAT ATE THE RED RAT," which of the following would represent a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) THE FAT RAT ATE THE RED CAT 
B) THE CAT ATE THE RED RAT 
C) THE FAC ATA TET HER EDR AT 
D) THE FAT CAT ATE THE RED RAT 
A) THE FAT RAT ATE THE RED CAT 
B) THE CAT ATE THE RED RAT 
C) THE FAC ATA TET HER EDR AT 
D) THE FAT CAT ATE THE RED RAT

Question 18

The polypeptide-making organelles,which consist of protein combined with RNA,are called

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes. 
B) Golgi bodies. 
C) lysosomes. 
D) centrosomes. 
E) mitochondria. 
A) ribosomes. 
B) Golgi bodies. 
C) lysosomes. 
D) centrosomes. 
E) mitochondria.

Question 19

Crick and his colleagues proposed that the genetic code consists of a series of blocks of information,called ________,each corresponding to one amino acid in an encoded protein.

Accepted Answer

A) alleles 
B) codons 
C) genes 
D) polypeptides 
A) alleles 
B) codons 
C) genes 
D) polypeptides

Question 20

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that pairs with bases on the mRNA is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) intron. 
B) exon. 
C) codon. 
D) initiation factor. 
E) anticodon. 
A) intron. 
B) exon. 
C) codon. 
D) initiation factor. 
E) anticodon.

Exam 15: Genes and How They Work

Initiation of transcription differs from initiation of DNA replication in several ways.One difference is that initiation of transcription does not require

The template strand of a DNA segment that codes for mRNA has the sequence: ATGCGT.Which tRNA anticodons would pair with the mRNA that is coded for by this sequence?

Transcription in prokaryotes is carried out by ________,which unwind(s)and transcribe(s)the gene.

You are attempting to synthesize rRNA in a test tube using DNA isolated from mouse cells.In addition to the template DNA,ribonucleotides,and the necessary transcription factors,you should also add ________ to the test tube.

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules may contain noncoding sequences that must be removed before translation.These are called

What is the best way to describe our current understanding of the one-gene/one-polypeptide hypothesis?

What would happen if snRNPs did not recognize the branch point within an intron?

A gene that codes for a protein was removed from a eukaryotic cell and inserted into a prokaryotic cell.Although the gene was successfully transcribed and translated,it produced a different protein than it produced in the eukaryotic cell.What is the most likely explanation?

Most eukaryotic genes contain noncoding sequences called ________ that are interspersed with the coding sequences.

The strand of DNA that is not transcribed is called the ________ strand.

During translation,the nucleotides that make up the mRNA are read in groups of three.These groups are called

How does DNA polymerase differ from RNA polymerase?

The location of translation in prokaryotic cells is

What is required for formation of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?

Eukaryotic pre-mRNA molecules are modified

If the genetic code were read in groups of two bases,how many different codons would be possible? (Enter your answer as a numeral not a word,e.g.enter 5 not "five".)

Given the sentence "THE FAT CAT ATE THE RED RAT," which of the following would represent a frameshift mutation?

The polypeptide-making organelles,which consist of protein combined with RNA,are called

Crick and his colleagues proposed that the genetic code consists of a series of blocks of information,called ________,each corresponding to one amino acid in an encoded protein.

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that pairs with bases on the mRNA is called a(n)

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