Question 1

An enzyme that has been isolated from retroviruses and is used to generate cDNA is

Accepted Answer

A) transverse ligase. 
B) reverse transcriptase. 
C) reverse endonuclease. 
D) recombinant RNase. 
E) RNA polymerase. 
A) transverse ligase. 
B) reverse transcriptase. 
C) reverse endonuclease. 
D) recombinant RNase. 
E) RNA polymerase.

Question 2

A gel electrophoresis is performed,but when the gel imager is used,no bands appear.The researcher might have forgotten to

Accepted Answer

A) add electric current. 
B) add antibody. 
C) ligate the DNA fragments together. 
D) include DNA dye. 
E) include an RNA probe. 
A) add electric current. 
B) add antibody. 
C) ligate the DNA fragments together. 
D) include DNA dye. 
E) include an RNA probe.

Question 3

Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) vectors 
B) peptidases 
C) restriction endonucleases 
D) DNAses 
A) vectors 
B) peptidases 
C) restriction endonucleases 
D) DNAses

Question 4

Two strands of DNA that have been cut by an endonuclease can be sealed together by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) polymerase enzyme. 
B) ligase enzyme. 
C) exonuclease enzyme. 
D) protease enzyme. 
E) methylase enzyme. 
A) polymerase enzyme. 
B) ligase enzyme. 
C) exonuclease enzyme. 
D) protease enzyme. 
E) methylase enzyme.

Question 5

Gel ________ is a process that separates DNA or protein fragments according to their size,by causing them to migrate within a gel in response to an electric field.

Accepted Answer

A) duplication 
B) blotting 
C) electrophoresis 
D) migration 
A) duplication 
B) blotting 
C) electrophoresis 
D) migration

Question 6

Organisms containing DNA from an outside source are called

Accepted Answer

A) transcribed organisms. 
B) compound organisms. 
C) hybrid organisms. 
D) plasmid organisms. 
E) transgenic organisms. 
A) transcribed organisms. 
B) compound organisms. 
C) hybrid organisms. 
D) plasmid organisms. 
E) transgenic organisms.

Question 7

A friend makes the argument that transgenic crops have only been used to enrich large corporations,not to improve people's health.What is the best counterexample?

Accepted Answer

A) Golden rice 
B) Bt maize 
C) Glyphosate-resistant soybeans 
D) Cre-Lox 
A) Golden rice 
B) Bt maize 
C) Glyphosate-resistant soybeans 
D) Cre-Lox

Question 8

A researcher wants to create a mouse model for a disease,to allow her team to study possible therapies.The disease is known to be caused by a small deletion that removes a certain gene.Which type of mouse would be the best choice for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

A) Knockout mouse 
B) Knockin mouse 
C) Conditional knockout mouse activated by a drug 
D) Mutant derived by traditional forward genetics screen 
E) Tissue-specific gene knockout 
A) Knockout mouse 
B) Knockin mouse 
C) Conditional knockout mouse activated by a drug 
D) Mutant derived by traditional forward genetics screen 
E) Tissue-specific gene knockout

Question 9

A technique used to amplify a desired piece of DNA is

Accepted Answer

A) gel electrophoresis. 
B) RFLP. 
C) PCR. 
D) plasmid replication. 
E) Northern Blot. 
A) gel electrophoresis. 
B) RFLP. 
C) PCR. 
D) plasmid replication. 
E) Northern Blot.

Question 10

A fourth type of restriction enzyme is identified that cleaves at precise locations like a type II enzyme,but it also occasionally makes mistakes and cuts elsewhere.Would this type of enzyme be a useful enzyme to use in molecular cloning?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes,because it cuts correctly sometimes. 
B) No,because it is a precise enzyme. 
C) No,because cutting mistakes could lead to incorrect cloning. 
D) Yes,because cutting mistakes don't matter in molecular cloning. 
A) Yes,because it cuts correctly sometimes. 
B) No,because it is a precise enzyme. 
C) No,because cutting mistakes could lead to incorrect cloning. 
D) Yes,because cutting mistakes don't matter in molecular cloning.

Question 11

Which of the following two enzymes are needed to construct a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A) Reverse transcriptase and DNA ligase 
B) Reverse transcriptase and Taq polymerase 
C) DNA ligase and Taq polymerase 
D) Taq polymerase and RNA polymerase 
A) Reverse transcriptase and DNA ligase 
B) Reverse transcriptase and Taq polymerase 
C) DNA ligase and Taq polymerase 
D) Taq polymerase and RNA polymerase

Question 12

An insecticidal protein has been discovered in a bacterium known as

Accepted Answer

A) Escherichia coli. 
B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 
C) Bacillus thuringiensis. 
D) Aspergillus sp. 
A) Escherichia coli. 
B) Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 
C) Bacillus thuringiensis. 
D) Aspergillus sp.

Question 13

Which type of disease is LEAST likely to be able to be treated using genome editing with TALEN or CRISPR?

Accepted Answer

A) Trisomy-21 
B) Leukemia 
C) Cystic fibrosis 
D) Huntingtons 
A) Trisomy-21 
B) Leukemia 
C) Cystic fibrosis 
D) Huntingtons

Question 14

In some ciliate protozoa,the codons UAA and UAG encode glutamate,rather than acting as STOP codons.How does this compare to other species?

Accepted Answer

A) This is unusual - almost all species share the same "universal" genetic code. 
B) This is typical - every species has its own unique genetic code. 
C) This is not unusual - while most species have a similar genetic code,there are often variations for some of the amino acids. 
A) This is unusual - almost all species share the same "universal" genetic code. 
B) This is typical - every species has its own unique genetic code. 
C) This is not unusual - while most species have a similar genetic code,there are often variations for some of the amino acids.

Question 15

Three scientists are using different forms of PCR for their research.Abby wants to determine changes in gene expression levels in a tissue,so she uses ________.Bob is trying to extract genetic information from a wooly mammoth fossil,so he uses ________.Chris needs to express a gene in bacteria that matches the form expressed in kidney cells,so she uses ________.

Accepted Answer

A) quantitative RT-PCR; PCR; RT-PCR 
B) PCR; quantitative RT-PCR; RT-PCR 
C) RT-PCR; PCR; quantitative RT-PCR 
D) RT-PCR; quantitative RT-PCR; PCR 
E) quantitative RT-PCR; RT-PCR; PCR 
A) quantitative RT-PCR; PCR; RT-PCR 
B) PCR; quantitative RT-PCR; RT-PCR 
C) RT-PCR; PCR; quantitative RT-PCR 
D) RT-PCR; quantitative RT-PCR; PCR 
E) quantitative RT-PCR; RT-PCR; PCR

Question 16

Identify a sequence that is most likely to be recognized by a restriction enzyme.

Accepted Answer

A) CGATGC 
B) CCCTTT 
C) TGGCCA 
D) TCATCA 
A) CGATGC 
B) CCCTTT 
C) TGGCCA 
D) TCATCA

Question 17

A rare disease is now understood to be caused by a single mutant gene.When the researcher learns that the gene encodes a ________,he says "Oh good! We may be able to treat the disease with recombinant protein produced in E.coli and delivered by injection."

Accepted Answer

A) protein hormone 
B) cell-surface receptor 
C) ribozyme 
D) component of chromatin 
E) mitochondrial enzyme 
A) protein hormone 
B) cell-surface receptor 
C) ribozyme 
D) component of chromatin 
E) mitochondrial enzyme

Question 18

A farmer is growing glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybeans.What are you unlikely to see in those fields during the growing season?

Accepted Answer

A) A tilling machine 
B) Caterpillars 
C) Field mice 
D) Irrigation 
A) A tilling machine 
B) Caterpillars 
C) Field mice 
D) Irrigation

Question 19

Which genes were incorporated into the genome of Golden Rice? (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Daffodil phytoene synthase gene 
B) Bacterial carotene desaturase gene 
C) Bacterial beta-galactosidase 
D) Daffodil lycopene beta-cyclase gene 
A) Daffodil phytoene synthase gene 
B) Bacterial carotene desaturase gene 
C) Bacterial beta-galactosidase 
D) Daffodil lycopene beta-cyclase gene

Question 20

You have discovered a very small amount of DNA from an ancient organism that you want to save and study.What is the very first thing you should do to allow you to study this DNA in the lab?

Accepted Answer

A) RT-PCR 
B) Gel electrophoresis 
C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D) Insert the DNA into a vector 
A) RT-PCR 
B) Gel electrophoresis 
C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D) Insert the DNA into a vector

Exam 17: Biotechnology

An enzyme that has been isolated from retroviruses and is used to generate cDNA is

A gel electrophoresis is performed,but when the gel imager is used,no bands appear.The researcher might have forgotten to

Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites are called ________.

Two strands of DNA that have been cut by an endonuclease can be sealed together by a(n)

Gel ________ is a process that separates DNA or protein fragments according to their size,by causing them to migrate within a gel in response to an electric field.

Organisms containing DNA from an outside source are called

A friend makes the argument that transgenic crops have only been used to enrich large corporations,not to improve people's health.What is the best counterexample?

A researcher wants to create a mouse model for a disease,to allow her team to study possible therapies.The disease is known to be caused by a small deletion that removes a certain gene.Which type of mouse would be the best choice for this purpose?

A technique used to amplify a desired piece of DNA is

A fourth type of restriction enzyme is identified that cleaves at precise locations like a type II enzyme,but it also occasionally makes mistakes and cuts elsewhere.Would this type of enzyme be a useful enzyme to use in molecular cloning?

Which of the following two enzymes are needed to construct a cDNA library?

An insecticidal protein has been discovered in a bacterium known as

Which type of disease is LEAST likely to be able to be treated using genome editing with TALEN or CRISPR?

In some ciliate protozoa,the codons UAA and UAG encode glutamate,rather than acting as STOP codons.How does this compare to other species?

Identify a sequence that is most likely to be recognized by a restriction enzyme.

A rare disease is now understood to be caused by a single mutant gene.When the researcher learns that the gene encodes a ________,he says "Oh good! We may be able to treat the disease with recombinant protein produced in E.coli and delivered by injection."

A farmer is growing glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybeans.What are you unlikely to see in those fields during the growing season?

Which genes were incorporated into the genome of Golden Rice? (check all that apply)

You have discovered a very small amount of DNA from an ancient organism that you want to save and study.What is the very first thing you should do to allow you to study this DNA in the lab?

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