Question 1

When differentiation occurs,cells may also change in (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) genetic content. 
B) size. 
C) shape. 
A) genetic content. 
B) size. 
C) shape.

Question 2

What was the most significant research finding that resulted from the successful cloning of Dolly?

Accepted Answer

A) The key to cloning success is to pick a donor cell from very early in development. 
B) Cloned animals are capable of producing normal offspring. 
C) The nucleus of a fully-differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to be totipotent. 
D) Genetic imprinting,which occurs in adult reproductive tissue,can take months for sperm and years for eggs. 
A) The key to cloning success is to pick a donor cell from very early in development. 
B) Cloned animals are capable of producing normal offspring. 
C) The nucleus of a fully-differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to be totipotent. 
D) Genetic imprinting,which occurs in adult reproductive tissue,can take months for sperm and years for eggs.

Question 3

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Accepted Answer

A) genetic imprinting. 
B) the age of the donor cell. 
C) cell cycle problems. 
D) large offspring syndrome (LOS). 
A) genetic imprinting. 
B) the age of the donor cell. 
C) cell cycle problems. 
D) large offspring syndrome (LOS).

Question 4

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF receptor,which structure(s)will fail to develop? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Notochord 
B) Mesenchyme 
C) Muscle 
D) Nerve cord 
A) Notochord 
B) Mesenchyme 
C) Muscle 
D) Nerve cord

Question 5

Which proteins are encoded by genes that code for the first mRNAs transcribed in Drosophila embryos?

Accepted Answer

A) Gap and Pair-rule proteins 
B) Dorsal proteins 
C) Bicoid and Nanos proteins 
D) Caudal and Hunchback proteins 
E) Morphogen proteins 
A) Gap and Pair-rule proteins 
B) Dorsal proteins 
C) Bicoid and Nanos proteins 
D) Caudal and Hunchback proteins 
E) Morphogen proteins

Question 6

Check all of the main functions of MADS box-containing genes in plants.

Accepted Answer

A) the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth 
B) root development 
C) generation of leaf form 
D) floral organ identity 
A) the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth 
B) root development 
C) generation of leaf form 
D) floral organ identity

Question 7

In general,the blastomeres of the _____ form the endodermal tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) animal pole 
B) vegetal pole 
C) equator region 
D) membrane 
A) animal pole 
B) vegetal pole 
C) equator region 
D) membrane

Question 8

What can be said about Drosophila development?

Accepted Answer

A) Paternal genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization. 
B) Zygotic genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization. 
C) Maternal genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization. 
D) Syncytial blastoderm genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization. 
A) Paternal genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization. 
B) Zygotic genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization. 
C) Maternal genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization. 
D) Syncytial blastoderm genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.

Question 9

What can be said about animal and vegetal poles?

Accepted Answer

A) When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the animal pole cells become mesoderm. 
B) When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the vegetal pole cells become mesoderm. 
C) Isolated animal cells develop as endoderm. 
D) Isolated vegetal cells develop as ectoderm. 
A) When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the animal pole cells become mesoderm. 
B) When animal pole cells are cultured with vegetal pole cells,some of the vegetal pole cells become mesoderm. 
C) Isolated animal cells develop as endoderm. 
D) Isolated vegetal cells develop as ectoderm.

Question 10

Signal molecules that determine relative positions during development are known as

Accepted Answer

A) inductors. 
B) organizers. 
C) cadherin domains. 
D) derepressers. 
E) morphogens. 
A) inductors. 
B) organizers. 
C) cadherin domains. 
D) derepressers. 
E) morphogens.

Question 11

The term neoplasia refers to cell accumulation.Neoplasia can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A) increased apoptosis. 
B) decreased apoptosis. 
C) blood clots. 
D) cell membrane interactions. 
A) increased apoptosis. 
B) decreased apoptosis. 
C) blood clots. 
D) cell membrane interactions.

Question 12

Cells that are programmed to die,shrivel and shrink in a process called

Accepted Answer

A) apoptosis. 
B) necrosis. 
C) totipotency. 
D) induction. 
E) encoded death. 
A) apoptosis. 
B) necrosis. 
C) totipotency. 
D) induction. 
E) encoded death.

Question 13

If a Drosophila mother is mutant for dorsal,her embryos would

Accepted Answer

A) develop normally. 
B) have a delay in the development of dorsal/ventral polarity. 
C) lack dorsal structures. 
D) lack ventral structures. 
A) develop normally. 
B) have a delay in the development of dorsal/ventral polarity. 
C) lack dorsal structures. 
D) lack ventral structures.

Question 14

What is the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) pair-rule genes,gap genes,segment polarity genes 
B) gap genes,pair-rule genes,segment polarity genes 
C) gap genes,segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes 
D) segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes,gap genes 
A) pair-rule genes,gap genes,segment polarity genes 
B) gap genes,pair-rule genes,segment polarity genes 
C) gap genes,segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes 
D) segment polarity genes,pair-rule genes,gap genes

Question 15

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Accepted Answer

A) Mesenchyme 
B) Muscle 
C) Notochord 
D) Nerve cord 
A) Mesenchyme 
B) Muscle 
C) Notochord 
D) Nerve cord

Question 16

Briggs and King demonstrated nuclear transplantation in

Accepted Answer

A) sheep. 
B) frogs. 
C) pigs. 
D) lizards. 
E) fish. 
A) sheep. 
B) frogs. 
C) pigs. 
D) lizards. 
E) fish.

Question 17

Caenorhabditis elegans is an organism with exactly 959 somatic cells.This organism is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) fruit fly. 
B) earthworm. 
C) nematode. 
D) angiosperm. 
E) fungus. 
A) fruit fly. 
B) earthworm. 
C) nematode. 
D) angiosperm. 
E) fungus.

Question 18

Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst.Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid.This form of cell death is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) apoptosis. 
B) necrosis. 
C) toti-latency. 
D) induction. 
E) encoded death. 
A) apoptosis. 
B) necrosis. 
C) toti-latency. 
D) induction. 
E) encoded death.

Question 19

During which initial period of division in a zygote is there no increase in the overall size of the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitosis 
B) Cleavage 
C) Meiosis 
D) Fertilization 
A) Mitosis 
B) Cleavage 
C) Meiosis 
D) Fertilization

Question 20

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells (ie,blastomeres)called a blastula.What changes occur in this early cleavage?

Accepted Answer

A) During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous increase in the number and size of blastomeres. 
B) During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous decrease in the number and size of blastomeres. 
C) During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous increase in the number of cells coupled with a decrease in the size of the cells composing the developing organism. 
D) During the initial stages of cleavage,there is no increase in the number of cells of the developing organism,but the size of the cells increases. 
A) During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous increase in the number and size of blastomeres. 
B) During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous decrease in the number and size of blastomeres. 
C) During the initial stages of cleavage,there is a tremendous increase in the number of cells coupled with a decrease in the size of the cells composing the developing organism. 
D) During the initial stages of cleavage,there is no increase in the number of cells of the developing organism,but the size of the cells increases.

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

When differentiation occurs,cells may also change in (Select all that apply)

What was the most significant research finding that resulted from the successful cloning of Dolly?

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF receptor,which structure(s)will fail to develop? (Select all that apply)

Which proteins are encoded by genes that code for the first mRNAs transcribed in Drosophila embryos?

Check all of the main functions of MADS box-containing genes in plants.

In general,the blastomeres of the _____ form the endodermal tissues.

What can be said about Drosophila development?

What can be said about animal and vegetal poles?

Signal molecules that determine relative positions during development are known as

The term neoplasia refers to cell accumulation.Neoplasia can be caused by

Cells that are programmed to die,shrivel and shrink in a process called

If a Drosophila mother is mutant for dorsal,her embryos would

What is the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Briggs and King demonstrated nuclear transplantation in

Caenorhabditis elegans is an organism with exactly 959 somatic cells.This organism is a(n)

Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst.Their contents are released into the extracellular fluid.This form of cell death is referred to as

During which initial period of division in a zygote is there no increase in the overall size of the embryo?

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells (ie,blastomeres)called a blastula.What changes occur in this early cleavage?

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