Question 1

As compared to the circulatory system of most fishes,the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

Accepted Answer

A) a four-chambered heart. 
B) a single circuit. 
C) partially-separate circuits for gas exchange and systemic delivery of blood. 
D) a pocket of the gut that serves as an air bladder. 
E) complete separation between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
A) a four-chambered heart. 
B) a single circuit. 
C) partially-separate circuits for gas exchange and systemic delivery of blood. 
D) a pocket of the gut that serves as an air bladder. 
E) complete separation between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 2

Refer to the diagram below.   What is the correct order of structures in the electrical excitation pathway that generates a normal heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,4,5,6 
B) 1,5,4,2,3,6 
C) 6,3,2,4,5,1 
D) 3,6,2,4,1,5 
E) 3,2,6,4,5,1 
A) 1,2,3,4,5,6 
B) 1,5,4,2,3,6 
C) 6,3,2,4,5,1 
D) 3,6,2,4,1,5 
E) 3,2,6,4,5,1

Question 3

Under what circumstance would your body experience an increase in erythropoietin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) if you just moved from New York City to start training for a marathon in the 'Mile-High' city of Denver,Colorado 
B) if your hematocrit is elevated above normal levels 
C) if you are suffering from dehydration 
D) after drinking 5 liters of water in just 2 hours 
E) if you are suffering from hypertension 
A) if you just moved from New York City to start training for a marathon in the 'Mile-High' city of Denver,Colorado 
B) if your hematocrit is elevated above normal levels 
C) if you are suffering from dehydration 
D) after drinking 5 liters of water in just 2 hours 
E) if you are suffering from hypertension

Question 4

Myeloid stem cells give rise to all formed elements in the blood EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) erythrocytes. 
B) lymphocytes. 
C) platelets. 
D) monocytes. 
E) basophils. 
A) erythrocytes. 
B) lymphocytes. 
C) platelets. 
D) monocytes. 
E) basophils.

Question 5

Edema is a result of increased interstitial fluid in various tissues of the body.All of the following are causes of edema EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) pregnancy. 
B) liver disease. 
C) injury to a limb. 
D) protein malnutrition. 
E) abnormally low blood pressure. 
A) pregnancy. 
B) liver disease. 
C) injury to a limb. 
D) protein malnutrition. 
E) abnormally low blood pressure.

Question 6

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) arteries. 
B) arterioles. 
C) capillaries. 
D) venules. 
E) veins. 
A) arteries. 
B) arterioles. 
C) capillaries. 
D) venules. 
E) veins.

Question 7

Stimulating the vagus nerve would cause

Accepted Answer

A) blood pressure to rise. 
B) blood volume to increase. 
C) heart rate to decrease. 
D) increased firing of the SA and AV nodes 
E) a release of epinephrine. 
A) blood pressure to rise. 
B) blood volume to increase. 
C) heart rate to decrease. 
D) increased firing of the SA and AV nodes 
E) a release of epinephrine.

Question 8

Jim is suffering from congestive heart failure,in which blood flow is backed up in his lungs and excess fluid is escaping the blood and accumulating in his lung tissue.If untreated,increasing pulmonary edema will lead to death by suffocation.What is the most-likely cause of Jim's congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Contraction of his right atrium is not keeping up with contraction of his left atrium. 
B) Jim's pulmonary semilunar valve is not opening properly. 
C) Jim's right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)is not closing properly. 
D) Jim's SA node is malfunctioning. 
E) Contraction of his left ventricle is not keeping up with contraction of his right ventricle. 
A) Contraction of his right atrium is not keeping up with contraction of his left atrium. 
B) Jim's pulmonary semilunar valve is not opening properly. 
C) Jim's right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)is not closing properly. 
D) Jim's SA node is malfunctioning. 
E) Contraction of his left ventricle is not keeping up with contraction of his right ventricle.

Question 9

What type of mollusk has a closed circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A) clam 
B) slug 
C) snail 
D) squid 
E) scallop 
A) clam 
B) slug 
C) snail 
D) squid 
E) scallop

Question 10

Refer to the diagram below of the mammalian circulatory system.   If blood is going from the lungs to space 3,what is the name of space 3?

Accepted Answer

A) left ventricle 
B) left atrium 
C) right ventricle 
D) right atrium 
E) pulmonary vein 
A) left ventricle 
B) left atrium 
C) right ventricle 
D) right atrium 
E) pulmonary vein

Question 11

Scientists believe that the heart of the common (chordate)ancestor of all vertebrates

Accepted Answer

A) was little more than a heavily-muscled region of the ventral artery. 
B) had two chambers. 
C) had three chambers. 
D) had four chambers. 
E) consisted of a single ventricle. 
A) was little more than a heavily-muscled region of the ventral artery. 
B) had two chambers. 
C) had three chambers. 
D) had four chambers. 
E) consisted of a single ventricle.

Question 12

What is true about about mammalian red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Red blood cells are also called leukocytes. 
B) A mature red blood cell is shaped like a biconcave disc because it has no nucleus. 
C) Red blood cells contain albumin. 
D) Red blood cells develop from lymphoid stem cells. 
E) Aged red blood cells are removed from the blood by the kidneys. 
A) Red blood cells are also called leukocytes. 
B) A mature red blood cell is shaped like a biconcave disc because it has no nucleus. 
C) Red blood cells contain albumin. 
D) Red blood cells develop from lymphoid stem cells. 
E) Aged red blood cells are removed from the blood by the kidneys.

Question 13

Animals with closed circulatory systems are more successful than animals with open circulatory systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The cells that normally lack a nucleus and have a relatively short life span in humans are

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) basophils. 
D) erythrocytes. 
E) lymphocytes. 
A) neutrophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) basophils. 
D) erythrocytes. 
E) lymphocytes.

Question 15

Elephantiasis is an infectious disease in which blockage of the circulatory system by microscopic,parasitic roundworms results in a dramatic swelling of the tissues in the lower half of the body.What region is most likely blocked by these small,thread-like worms?

Accepted Answer

A) the left atrium of the heart 
B) a pulmonary artery 
C) lymphatic vessels and/or lymph nodes 
D) a carotid artery 
E) the superior vena cava 
A) the left atrium of the heart 
B) a pulmonary artery 
C) lymphatic vessels and/or lymph nodes 
D) a carotid artery 
E) the superior vena cava

Question 16

When you are upright,what is the primary mechanism that propels blood in your feet back to your inferior vena cava?

Accepted Answer

A) the valves in the leg veins alternating between open and closed 
B) contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the leg veins 
C) recoil of elastic fibers in the walls of the leg veins 
D) contraction of the left ventricle of the heart 
E) contraction of skeletal muscles in your legs 
A) the valves in the leg veins alternating between open and closed 
B) contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the leg veins 
C) recoil of elastic fibers in the walls of the leg veins 
D) contraction of the left ventricle of the heart 
E) contraction of skeletal muscles in your legs

Question 17

A bone marrow sample from Patient X has abnormally-low numbers of megakaryocytes.What body process would you expect to be impaired in Patient X?

Accepted Answer

A) transport of oxygen 
B) defense against foreign microorganisms 
C) blood clotting following injury to a blood vessel 
D) temperature regulation by vasoconstriction or vasodilation of superficial blood vessels 
E) maintaining normal osmotic balance between the blood and the interstitial fluids 
A) transport of oxygen 
B) defense against foreign microorganisms 
C) blood clotting following injury to a blood vessel 
D) temperature regulation by vasoconstriction or vasodilation of superficial blood vessels 
E) maintaining normal osmotic balance between the blood and the interstitial fluids

Question 18

The loudest sounds a nurse hears while listening to a patient's heart through a stethoscope are caused by

Accepted Answer

A) contraction of the ventricles. 
B) contraction of the atria. 
C) closing of the AV valves. 
D) opening of the semilunar valves. 
E) depolarization of the ventricles. 
A) contraction of the ventricles. 
B) contraction of the atria. 
C) closing of the AV valves. 
D) opening of the semilunar valves. 
E) depolarization of the ventricles.

Question 19

The greatest metabolic advantage of a fish's two-chambered heart is

Accepted Answer

A) its ability to pump blood under high pressure to all areas of the fish's body. 
B) its ability to pump blood to the gills for gas exchange before the blood is pumped to the remaining areas of the body. 
C) its ability to stay full of blood even as it is emptying into the conus arteriosus. 
D) its ability to keep oxygen-rich blood in one chamber separate from oxygen-poor blood in the other chamber. 
E) its ability to maintain a constant blood pressure in the fish. 
A) its ability to pump blood under high pressure to all areas of the fish's body. 
B) its ability to pump blood to the gills for gas exchange before the blood is pumped to the remaining areas of the body. 
C) its ability to stay full of blood even as it is emptying into the conus arteriosus. 
D) its ability to keep oxygen-rich blood in one chamber separate from oxygen-poor blood in the other chamber. 
E) its ability to maintain a constant blood pressure in the fish.

Question 20

What factor most limits a person's maximal increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A) the time available to fill the heart chambers with blood as the heart rate increases 
B) the time it takes for electrical impulses to reach all parts of the heart 
C) the rate at which cardiac muscle contracts 
D) the rate at which oxygen is delivered to the cardiac muscle cells 
E) the total amount of blood in an individual 
A) the time available to fill the heart chambers with blood as the heart rate increases 
B) the time it takes for electrical impulses to reach all parts of the heart 
C) the rate at which cardiac muscle contracts 
D) the rate at which oxygen is delivered to the cardiac muscle cells 
E) the total amount of blood in an individual

Exam 48: The Circulatory System

As compared to the circulatory system of most fishes,the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

Refer to the diagram below. What is the correct order of structures in the electrical excitation pathway that generates a normal heartbeat?

Under what circumstance would your body experience an increase in erythropoietin secretion?

Myeloid stem cells give rise to all formed elements in the blood EXCEPT

Edema is a result of increased interstitial fluid in various tissues of the body.All of the following are causes of edema EXCEPT

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

Stimulating the vagus nerve would cause

What type of mollusk has a closed circulatory system?

Refer to the diagram below of the mammalian circulatory system. If blood is going from the lungs to space 3,what is the name of space 3?

Scientists believe that the heart of the common (chordate)ancestor of all vertebrates

What is true about about mammalian red blood cells?

Animals with closed circulatory systems are more successful than animals with open circulatory systems.

The cells that normally lack a nucleus and have a relatively short life span in humans are

Elephantiasis is an infectious disease in which blockage of the circulatory system by microscopic,parasitic roundworms results in a dramatic swelling of the tissues in the lower half of the body.What region is most likely blocked by these small,thread-like worms?

When you are upright,what is the primary mechanism that propels blood in your feet back to your inferior vena cava?

A bone marrow sample from Patient X has abnormally-low numbers of megakaryocytes.What body process would you expect to be impaired in Patient X?

The loudest sounds a nurse hears while listening to a patient's heart through a stethoscope are caused by

The greatest metabolic advantage of a fish's two-chambered heart is

What factor most limits a person's maximal increase in cardiac output during exercise?

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