Question 1

As habitats are fragmented and consequently shrinking in size,a major problem is

Accepted Answer

A) the edge effect. 
B) lack of corridors. 
C) overexploitation. 
D) introduced species. 
A) the edge effect. 
B) lack of corridors. 
C) overexploitation. 
D) introduced species.

Question 2

The degree of allelic diversity of a population is independent of its size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Captive breeding (Check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) is a viable strategy whenever very few individuals of a species remain in the wild. 
B) has had limited success restoring California condor populations in the western United States because of reduced genetic heterogeneity. 
C) sometimes deals with low genetic variability and inbreeding. 
D) is sometimes a part of efforts to restore ecosystems to a balanced,functional state. 
E) successfully increased peregrine falcon populations. 
A) is a viable strategy whenever very few individuals of a species remain in the wild. 
B) has had limited success restoring California condor populations in the western United States because of reduced genetic heterogeneity. 
C) sometimes deals with low genetic variability and inbreeding. 
D) is sometimes a part of efforts to restore ecosystems to a balanced,functional state. 
E) successfully increased peregrine falcon populations.

Question 4

The following graph shows the relationship between extinction and habitat area.Which statements help explain the trend shown on the graph? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Larger patches are more likely to be encountered by new immigrants. 
B) Larger patches are likely to have a more uniform habitat. 
C) Larger patch size reduces genetic drift. 
D) Larger patches are more geographically isolated than smaller patches. 
E) Species richness is higher on larger patches. 
A) Larger patches are more likely to be encountered by new immigrants. 
B) Larger patches are likely to have a more uniform habitat. 
C) Larger patch size reduces genetic drift. 
D) Larger patches are more geographically isolated than smaller patches. 
E) Species richness is higher on larger patches.

Question 5

Ecologists are concerned about amphibian populations because

Accepted Answer

A) their loss would be an aesthetic loss to the planet. 
B) of the possibility of numerous medicinal uses. 
C) they are keystone species in many areas-their loss will cause other populations to crash. 
D) amphibians are very sensitive to environmental change-they may be indicating serious problems. 
E) they are increasing to the point of competing with indigenous species. 
A) their loss would be an aesthetic loss to the planet. 
B) of the possibility of numerous medicinal uses. 
C) they are keystone species in many areas-their loss will cause other populations to crash. 
D) amphibians are very sensitive to environmental change-they may be indicating serious problems. 
E) they are increasing to the point of competing with indigenous species.

Question 6

Match the correct case study in conservation biology with its animal.

Accepted Answer

A) fruit bats-introduction of new species 
B) prairie chickens-loss of genetic diversity 
C) songbirds-introduction of new species 
D) whales-pollution 
E) Lake Victoria cichlids-loss of habitat 
A) fruit bats-introduction of new species 
B) prairie chickens-loss of genetic diversity 
C) songbirds-introduction of new species 
D) whales-pollution 
E) Lake Victoria cichlids-loss of habitat

Question 7

As we study the past 50,000 years worth of information about species' decline and extinctions around the world

Accepted Answer

A) we see rapid extinctions,especially of the larger animals,not long after humans arrive in an area. 
B) we can make a rough estimate of a population's risk of a local extinction. 
C) we see a steady-state rate of extinctions on all continents,only islands show a difference due to climate change. 
D) we see huge extinctions,especially of the larger animals,with ice ages and global warming. 
E) we see local extinctions that appear random,and then recolonizations from other areas. 
A) we see rapid extinctions,especially of the larger animals,not long after humans arrive in an area. 
B) we can make a rough estimate of a population's risk of a local extinction. 
C) we see a steady-state rate of extinctions on all continents,only islands show a difference due to climate change. 
D) we see huge extinctions,especially of the larger animals,with ice ages and global warming. 
E) we see local extinctions that appear random,and then recolonizations from other areas.

Question 8

Economists have been comparing the monetary value of intact habitats with the value of using (destroying)those habitats (such as for logging or farming).They find

Accepted Answer

A) the immediate economic gain is worth it,such as in the shrimp farms in Thailand. 
B) the long-term problems are minimal,and usually economically minor,it is more of an aesthetic problem than a monetary one. 
C) the intact habitat is more valuable than the destroyed one in most cases studied. 
D) clearing the forest for agriculture,as in Cameroon,provides jobs,housing,and long-term economic benefits. 
E) increased invasion in intact habitats renders it worthless within a few years. 
A) the immediate economic gain is worth it,such as in the shrimp farms in Thailand. 
B) the long-term problems are minimal,and usually economically minor,it is more of an aesthetic problem than a monetary one. 
C) the intact habitat is more valuable than the destroyed one in most cases studied. 
D) clearing the forest for agriculture,as in Cameroon,provides jobs,housing,and long-term economic benefits. 
E) increased invasion in intact habitats renders it worthless within a few years.

Question 9

Which of the statements given below supports the idea that frog populations can demonstrate the phenomenon of evolutionary rescue?

Accepted Answer

A) Frog populations have started to rebound as a result of the evolution of resistance to specific fungal diseases. 
B) Frog populations have started to decline as a result of the evolution of resistance to specific fungal diseases. 
C) Frog populations have moved to more temperate environments to find more suitable habitats to support their lifestyle. 
D) Frog populations have moved to more tropical environments to find more suitable habitats to support their lifestyle. 
A) Frog populations have started to rebound as a result of the evolution of resistance to specific fungal diseases. 
B) Frog populations have started to decline as a result of the evolution of resistance to specific fungal diseases. 
C) Frog populations have moved to more temperate environments to find more suitable habitats to support their lifestyle. 
D) Frog populations have moved to more tropical environments to find more suitable habitats to support their lifestyle.

Question 10

As many as one-half of Earth's plants

Accepted Answer

A) may already have gone extinct in the last 100 years. 
B) may be threatened with extinction at present. 
C) may be considered invasive species. 
D) are known to be medicinally useful. 
E) have been shown to be keystone species. 
A) may already have gone extinct in the last 100 years. 
B) may be threatened with extinction at present. 
C) may be considered invasive species. 
D) are known to be medicinally useful. 
E) have been shown to be keystone species.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the causes of extinction are true? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Probability of extinction varies inversely with population size. 
B) Ten 10-hectare habitat patches is not the same as one 100-hectare patch. 
C) Habitat loss is currently the major cause of extinction. 
D) The prehistoric megafauna of North America were spared from extinction because they coevolved with humans. 
E) Probability of extinction is greatest for an endemic species. 
A) Probability of extinction varies inversely with population size. 
B) Ten 10-hectare habitat patches is not the same as one 100-hectare patch. 
C) Habitat loss is currently the major cause of extinction. 
D) The prehistoric megafauna of North America were spared from extinction because they coevolved with humans. 
E) Probability of extinction is greatest for an endemic species.

Question 12

Which of the following is a reason that conservation biologists have begun to use phylogenetic trees to assist in determining where to direct the limited resources that support conservation efforts?

Accepted Answer

A) Species with numerous,closely related groups are more likely to survive extinction due to hybridization with those closely related groups. 
B) Distinct species are valuable because they represent a part of life that,if lost,cannot be recovered. 
C) Phylogenetic trees can demonstrate species with few close relatives that are more likely to possess unique features and adaptations not shared by other species. 
D) Conservation biologists do not use phylogenetic trees to make decisions about limited resource use,the diagrams are used strictly in the study of evolution. 
A) Species with numerous,closely related groups are more likely to survive extinction due to hybridization with those closely related groups. 
B) Distinct species are valuable because they represent a part of life that,if lost,cannot be recovered. 
C) Phylogenetic trees can demonstrate species with few close relatives that are more likely to possess unique features and adaptations not shared by other species. 
D) Conservation biologists do not use phylogenetic trees to make decisions about limited resource use,the diagrams are used strictly in the study of evolution.

Question 13

Modern restoration biologists recognize that it may not be prudent to restore the same species to an ecosystem that has been disturbed.Which of the following statements and or explanations supports this?

Accepted Answer

A) Due to global warming certain species may no longer flourish in the ecosystem. 
B) Often we do not have a full list of species that made up the original ecosystem. 
C) Restoring an ecosystem requires a replica of the original state,this version of restoration is called "pristine." 
D) Restoring an ecosystem should involve rebuilding the systems that allowed the habitat to successfully operate. 
A) Due to global warming certain species may no longer flourish in the ecosystem. 
B) Often we do not have a full list of species that made up the original ecosystem. 
C) Restoring an ecosystem requires a replica of the original state,this version of restoration is called "pristine." 
D) Restoring an ecosystem should involve rebuilding the systems that allowed the habitat to successfully operate.

Question 14

In western Sweden,coastal marine ecosystems have been exposed to discharge of nutrients over several decades.As a result,algal blooms are more common.Algal mats on the sea bottom limit sunlight and alter the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.Additionally,some algae produce toxic compounds that can enter shellfish.Furthermore,the decomposing algae produces a strong odor.Which statements below correctly match the outcomes to their effects on value of the ecosystem? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Aesthetic value is lost because the algae makes the beach ugly and smells terrible. 
B) Indirect economic value is lost because fisherman cannot catch their usual fish. 
C) Direct economic value is lost because the toxic shellfish cannot be eaten. 
D) Aesthetic value is gained because the algae could be used for biomass. 
E) Direct economic value is lost because the properties near the beach aren't as desirable. 
A) Aesthetic value is lost because the algae makes the beach ugly and smells terrible. 
B) Indirect economic value is lost because fisherman cannot catch their usual fish. 
C) Direct economic value is lost because the toxic shellfish cannot be eaten. 
D) Aesthetic value is gained because the algae could be used for biomass. 
E) Direct economic value is lost because the properties near the beach aren't as desirable.

Question 15

Conservationists have identified 25 areas worldwide as hotspots.This means these areas

Accepted Answer

A) are currently being preserved. 
B) have serious pollution problems and are being targeted for cleanup. 
C) have high numbers of endemic species,and those numbers are increasing. 
D) have high numbers of endemic species,and those numbers are decreasing. 
E) have the highest numbers of invasive species worldwide. 
A) are currently being preserved. 
B) have serious pollution problems and are being targeted for cleanup. 
C) have high numbers of endemic species,and those numbers are increasing. 
D) have high numbers of endemic species,and those numbers are decreasing. 
E) have the highest numbers of invasive species worldwide.

Question 16

A scientist studied peregrine falcons to determine why the numbers of birds was declining.She determined that

Accepted Answer

A) global warming (too much carbon dioxide)had increased the death rates in the newly hatched chicks. 
B) the genetic diversity of the falcons was too low to sustain their population level. 
C) the falcons had lost much of their habitat due to human developments. 
D) the falcon's habitat had been fragmented and the subsequent edge effect affected their ability to hunt for prey items. 
E) the levels of DDT in the environment were having a detrimental effect on eggs (causing the eggshells to be too thin)that were being laid by the female falcons. 
A) global warming (too much carbon dioxide)had increased the death rates in the newly hatched chicks. 
B) the genetic diversity of the falcons was too low to sustain their population level. 
C) the falcons had lost much of their habitat due to human developments. 
D) the falcon's habitat had been fragmented and the subsequent edge effect affected their ability to hunt for prey items. 
E) the levels of DDT in the environment were having a detrimental effect on eggs (causing the eggshells to be too thin)that were being laid by the female falcons.

Question 17

The various endemic cichlid species of Lake Victoria have suffered losses in their population numbers and species due to the introduction of

Accepted Answer

A) the Nile crocodile. 
B) the Nile perch. 
C) a new algae species. 
D) a new ectoparasite that lives on the gills. 
E) a fish hawk. 
A) the Nile crocodile. 
B) the Nile perch. 
C) a new algae species. 
D) a new ectoparasite that lives on the gills. 
E) a fish hawk.

Question 18

The West African black rhino,one of four subspecies of rhinoceros,was declared extinct in 2006.Their horns were believed by many to hold medicinal value.What is the most likely reason for the extinction of the West African black rhino?

Accepted Answer

A) habitat loss 
B) overexploitation 
C) introduced species 
D) pollution 
E) climate change 
A) habitat loss 
B) overexploitation 
C) introduced species 
D) pollution 
E) climate change

Question 19

Areas with high levels of endemism are called species

Accepted Answer

A) islands. 
B) fragments. 
C) hotspots. 
D) reserves. 
A) islands. 
B) fragments. 
C) hotspots. 
D) reserves.

Question 20

A friend asks you for a definition of endemic because she is writing a history paper and this word keeps occurring in the literature in reference to bison on the Great Plains of the United States.Your response is that the word endemic means

Accepted Answer

A) a species that has gone extinct since humans have evolved on Earth. 
B) a species that exists in many habitats on Earth. 
C) a species that has coevolved with humans on Earth. 
D) a species that lives in only one area of Earth. 
A) a species that has gone extinct since humans have evolved on Earth. 
B) a species that exists in many habitats on Earth. 
C) a species that has coevolved with humans on Earth. 
D) a species that lives in only one area of Earth.

Exam 58: Conservation Biology

As habitats are fragmented and consequently shrinking in size,a major problem is

The degree of allelic diversity of a population is independent of its size.

Captive breeding (Check all that apply)

The following graph shows the relationship between extinction and habitat area.Which statements help explain the trend shown on the graph? Check all that apply.

Ecologists are concerned about amphibian populations because

Match the correct case study in conservation biology with its animal.

As we study the past 50,000 years worth of information about species' decline and extinctions around the world

Economists have been comparing the monetary value of intact habitats with the value of using (destroying)those habitats (such as for logging or farming).They find

Which of the statements given below supports the idea that frog populations can demonstrate the phenomenon of evolutionary rescue?

As many as one-half of Earth's plants

Which of the following statements about the causes of extinction are true? Check all that apply.

Which of the following is a reason that conservation biologists have begun to use phylogenetic trees to assist in determining where to direct the limited resources that support conservation efforts?

Modern restoration biologists recognize that it may not be prudent to restore the same species to an ecosystem that has been disturbed.Which of the following statements and or explanations supports this?

Conservationists have identified 25 areas worldwide as hotspots.This means these areas

A scientist studied peregrine falcons to determine why the numbers of birds was declining.She determined that

The various endemic cichlid species of Lake Victoria have suffered losses in their population numbers and species due to the introduction of

The West African black rhino,one of four subspecies of rhinoceros,was declared extinct in 2006.Their horns were believed by many to hold medicinal value.What is the most likely reason for the extinction of the West African black rhino?

Areas with high levels of endemism are called species

A friend asks you for a definition of endemic because she is writing a history paper and this word keeps occurring in the literature in reference to bison on the Great Plains of the United States.Your response is that the word endemic means

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