Question 1

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent, according to _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception 
B)  self-justification 
C)  self-presentation 
D)  social orientation 
A)  self-perception 
B)  self-justification 
C)  self-presentation 
D)  social orientation

Question 2

You would like your roommate to wash dishes more often. How could you use the insufficient justification effect to your advantage?

Accepted Answer

One way to use the insufficient justific

Question 3

How do attitudes predict behavior when they are potent?

Accepted Answer

Attitudes can predict behavior more accu

Question 4

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall more happy memories and found their happy mood lingered. This is best explained by the

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory. 
B)  self-consistency theory. 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
D)  self-perception theory. 
A)  self-presentation theory. 
B)  self-consistency theory. 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
D)  self-perception theory.

Question 5

Vaughan and Lanzetta's (1981) study required participants to observe someone receiving an electric shock. Some, but not all, of the participants were required to make a pained expression whenever the shock was implemented. The results indicated that compared to those students who were not required to make a pained expression, those who did perspired more and had faster heart rates whenever they observed the person being shocked. Which theory are the results consistent with?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory 
B)  self-consistency theory 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  self-perception theory 
A)  self-presentation theory 
B)  self-consistency theory 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  self-perception theory

Question 6

According to the overjustification effect, reinforcements that praise people tend to _____ intrinsic motivation, and reinforcement that seeks to control people _____ intrinsic motivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; increases 
B)  increase; decreases 
C)  spike; instills 
D)  downgrade; upgrades 
A)  decrease; increases 
B)  increase; decreases 
C)  spike; instills 
D)  downgrade; upgrades

Question 7

According to the overjustification effect, promising children a reward for doing what they already intrinsically enjoy will

Accepted Answer

A)  lead to more enjoyment of the activity. 
B)  lead to less enjoyment of the activity. 
C)  increase the time and effort they put into the activity. 
D)  encourage them to do the activity on their own, without the promise of future rewards. 
A)  lead to more enjoyment of the activity. 
B)  lead to less enjoyment of the activity. 
C)  increase the time and effort they put into the activity. 
D)  encourage them to do the activity on their own, without the promise of future rewards.

Question 8

Research on how behavior affects our attitudes suggests all the findings EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  people don't adapt what they say to please their listeners. 
B)  people are quicker to tell people good news rather than bad. 
C)  people adjust their message toward their listener's position. 
D)  people adjust their message to their listeners, and having done so, believe the altered message. 
A)  people don't adapt what they say to please their listeners. 
B)  people are quicker to tell people good news rather than bad. 
C)  people adjust their message toward their listener's position. 
D)  people adjust their message to their listeners, and having done so, believe the altered message.

Question 9

Attitudes best predict behavior when they are

Accepted Answer

A)  particularly formed by hearsay. 
B)  less enduring to guide actions. 
C)  generic rather than specific. 
D)  readily accessible and stable. 
A)  particularly formed by hearsay. 
B)  less enduring to guide actions. 
C)  generic rather than specific. 
D)  readily accessible and stable.

Question 10

Allison's parents are so happy that she enjoys reading. They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads. According to the overjustification effect, how will Allison react to this new reward system?

Accepted Answer

A)  She will enjoy reading even more. 
B)  She will become less interested in reading. 
C)  She will be more selective in which books she reads. 
D)  Her attitude toward reading will remain the same. 
A)  She will enjoy reading even more. 
B)  She will become less interested in reading. 
C)  She will be more selective in which books she reads. 
D)  Her attitude toward reading will remain the same.

Question 11

Explain the circumstances under which attitudes do predict behavior and give examples.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes can predict behavior under cer

Question 12

An example of the overjustification effect in the text describes how the number of books Myers' son read _____ after the local library provided an incentive for children to read 10 books in three months.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased slightly 
B)  doubled 
C)  decreased 
D)  stabilized 
A)  increased slightly 
B)  doubled 
C)  decreased 
D)  stabilized

Question 13

In the context of dual processing, automatic thinking is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled 
B)  conscious 
C)  deliberate 
D)  implicit 
A)  controlled 
B)  conscious 
C)  deliberate 
D)  implicit

Question 14

An attitude is most likely to predict behavior in all the following situations EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  when other influences on what we say and do are minimal. 
B)  when the attitude is specifically relevant to the observed behavior. 
C)  when the attitude is genetically predisposed. 
D)  when the attitude is potent. 
A)  when other influences on what we say and do are minimal. 
B)  when the attitude is specifically relevant to the observed behavior. 
C)  when the attitude is genetically predisposed. 
D)  when the attitude is potent.

Question 15

After spending a great deal of time researching vehicles, Linda makes a purchase. After having owned the vehicle for several months, she experiences dissonance and wonders if she made the right decision with her purchase. According to dissonance theory, we would expect Linda to reduce her dissonance by _____ the chosen vehicle and _____ the unchosen vehicles.

Accepted Answer

A)  revamping; customizing 
B)  customizing; revamping 
C)  downgrading; upgrading 
D)  upgrading; downgrading 
A)  revamping; customizing 
B)  customizing; revamping 
C)  downgrading; upgrading 
D)  upgrading; downgrading

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about predictors of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Explicit attitudes are a good predictor of behavior that have been formed early in life. 
B)  Implicit attitudes are a good predictor of behavior that denotes an individual's liking for a particular political party. 
C)  Both explicit and implicit attitudes help predict people's behavior. 
D)  In predicting behavior, implicit attitudes are better than explicit attitudes regardless of the situation. 
A)  Explicit attitudes are a good predictor of behavior that have been formed early in life. 
B)  Implicit attitudes are a good predictor of behavior that denotes an individual's liking for a particular political party. 
C)  Both explicit and implicit attitudes help predict people's behavior. 
D)  In predicting behavior, implicit attitudes are better than explicit attitudes regardless of the situation.

Question 17

Although you were opposed to the war with Iraq, your attitude changed when you were required to report on the justifications for it at your job as a newspaper journalist. Which theory best explains the change in your attitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory 
B)  self-consistency theory 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  self-perception theory 
A)  self-presentation theory 
B)  self-consistency theory 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  self-perception theory

Question 18

The attitudes-follow-behavior effect is strongest when

Accepted Answer

A)  people are rewarded for their behavior. 
B)  people feel that they have no choice in their behavior. 
C)  people feel that they have some choice in their behavior. 
D)  the behavior has no foreseeable consequences. 
A)  people are rewarded for their behavior. 
B)  people feel that they have no choice in their behavior. 
C)  people feel that they have some choice in their behavior. 
D)  the behavior has no foreseeable consequences.

Question 19

Zimbardo attributed the behavior of the subjects in his Stanford prison study to

Accepted Answer

A)  his leadership behavior. 
B)  the roles the subjects played. 
C)  the personality traits of prisoners. 
D)  failures to process relevant information. 
A)  his leadership behavior. 
B)  the roles the subjects played. 
C)  the personality traits of prisoners. 
D)  failures to process relevant information.

Question 20

If the number of people in favor of gay and lesbian marriage increases after a law is passed allowing for such, this would be an example of how

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined. 
B)  attitudes influence behavior when they are potent. 
C)  moral attitudes feed moral actions. 
D)  moral actions feed moral attitudes. 
A)  attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined. 
B)  attitudes influence behavior when they are potent. 
C)  moral attitudes feed moral actions. 
D)  moral actions feed moral attitudes.

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent, according to _____ theory.

You would like your roommate to wash dishes more often. How could you use the insufficient justification effect to your advantage?

How do attitudes predict behavior when they are potent?

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall more happy memories and found their happy mood lingered. This is best explained by the

According to the overjustification effect, reinforcements that praise people tend to _ intrinsic motivation, and reinforcement that seeks to control people _ intrinsic motivation.

According to the overjustification effect, promising children a reward for doing what they already intrinsically enjoy will

Research on how behavior affects our attitudes suggests all the findings EXCEPT that

Attitudes best predict behavior when they are

Allison's parents are so happy that she enjoys reading. They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads. According to the overjustification effect, how will Allison react to this new reward system?

Explain the circumstances under which attitudes do predict behavior and give examples.

An example of the overjustification effect in the text describes how the number of books Myers' son read _____ after the local library provided an incentive for children to read 10 books in three months.

In the context of dual processing, automatic thinking is _____.

An attitude is most likely to predict behavior in all the following situations EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is true about predictors of behavior?

Although you were opposed to the war with Iraq, your attitude changed when you were required to report on the justifications for it at your job as a newspaper journalist. Which theory best explains the change in your attitude?

The attitudes-follow-behavior effect is strongest when

Zimbardo attributed the behavior of the subjects in his Stanford prison study to

If the number of people in favor of gay and lesbian marriage increases after a law is passed allowing for such, this would be an example of how

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters

Exam 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent, according to _____ theory.

You would like your roommate to wash dishes more often. How could you use the insufficient justification effect to your advantage?

How do attitudes predict behavior when they are potent?

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall more happy memories and found their happy mood lingered. This is best explained by the

According to the overjustification effect, reinforcements that praise people tend to _____ intrinsic motivation, and reinforcement that seeks to control people _____ intrinsic motivation.

According to the overjustification effect, promising children a reward for doing what they already intrinsically enjoy will

Research on how behavior affects our attitudes suggests all the findings EXCEPT that

Attitudes best predict behavior when they are

Allison's parents are so happy that she enjoys reading. They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads. According to the overjustification effect, how will Allison react to this new reward system?

Explain the circumstances under which attitudes do predict behavior and give examples.

An example of the overjustification effect in the text describes how the number of books Myers' son read _____ after the local library provided an incentive for children to read 10 books in three months.

In the context of dual processing, automatic thinking is _____.

An attitude is most likely to predict behavior in all the following situations EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is true about predictors of behavior?

Although you were opposed to the war with Iraq, your attitude changed when you were required to report on the justifications for it at your job as a newspaper journalist. Which theory best explains the change in your attitude?

The attitudes-follow-behavior effect is strongest when

Zimbardo attributed the behavior of the subjects in his Stanford prison study to

If the number of people in favor of gay and lesbian marriage increases after a law is passed allowing for such, this would be an example of how

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters

According to the overjustification effect, reinforcements that praise people tend to _ intrinsic motivation, and reinforcement that seeks to control people _ intrinsic motivation.