Question 1

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim, especially voluntarily, leads one to

Accepted Answer

A)  feel increasingly guilty. 
B)  disparage the victim to justify the behavior. 
C)  act more kindly toward others. 
D)  become more aggressive toward others. 
A)  feel increasingly guilty. 
B)  disparage the victim to justify the behavior. 
C)  act more kindly toward others. 
D)  become more aggressive toward others.

Question 2

When external inducements are insufficient to justify our behavior, we reduce dissonance by justifying the behavior internally. Which of the following theories explains this insufficient justification effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-inducement 
B)  self-presentation 
C)  cognitive justification 
D)  cognitive dissonance 
A)  self-inducement 
B)  self-presentation 
C)  cognitive justification 
D)  cognitive dissonance

Question 3

In 1964, Leon Festinger observed that

Accepted Answer

A)  changing people's attitude often hardly affects their behavior. 
B)  attitudes guide behaviors. 
C)  people's behavior are a result of their changing attitudes. 
D)  attitudes and behaviors varied together. 
A)  changing people's attitude often hardly affects their behavior. 
B)  attitudes guide behaviors. 
C)  people's behavior are a result of their changing attitudes. 
D)  attitudes and behaviors varied together.

Question 4

Once we make a decision or choice, and feel some cognitive dissonance,

Accepted Answer

A)  we form additional reasons for that decision or choice. 
B)  we begin to doubt our reasons for making that decision or choice. 
C)  we become less confident about the decision or choice. 
D)  the option we did not choose becomes more attractive. 
A)  we form additional reasons for that decision or choice. 
B)  we begin to doubt our reasons for making that decision or choice. 
C)  we become less confident about the decision or choice. 
D)  the option we did not choose becomes more attractive.

Question 5

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint, people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions. Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  brainwashing 
B)  self-perception theory 
C)  overconfidence effect 
D)  selective exposure 
A)  brainwashing 
B)  self-perception theory 
C)  overconfidence effect 
D)  selective exposure

Question 6

Which of the following concerns regarding the interpretation of IAT (implicit association test) results is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not distinguish positive from negative biases 
B)  It does not distinguish slow responding due to hostility from slow responding due to compassion 
C)  It cannot reliably assess and compare individuals. 
D)  It does not hold up to APA standards for validity. 
A)  It does not distinguish positive from negative biases 
B)  It does not distinguish slow responding due to hostility from slow responding due to compassion 
C)  It cannot reliably assess and compare individuals. 
D)  It does not hold up to APA standards for validity.

Question 7

As a teenager, you enjoyed jogging. As a result, your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g., when you ran your first marathon). According to the self-perception theory, your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased 
B)  increased 
C)  downgrade 
D)  erode 
A)  decreased 
B)  increased 
C)  downgrade 
D)  erode

Question 8

Drawing on the overjustification effect, if you want Harry to spend less time watching MTV and more time watching PBS you should

Accepted Answer

A)  force Harry to watch PBS. 
B)  punish Harry less for watching MTV but more for watching PBS. 
C)  promise and give rewards for watching MTV. 
D)  punish Harry for watching MTV. 
A)  force Harry to watch PBS. 
B)  punish Harry less for watching MTV but more for watching PBS. 
C)  promise and give rewards for watching MTV. 
D)  punish Harry for watching MTV.

Question 9

In the ABCs of attitudes, "C" stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  care. 
B)  connotation. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  concern. 
A)  care. 
B)  connotation. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  concern.

Question 10

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a republican presidential candidate?

Accepted Answer

A)  his/her implicit attitude 
B)  his/her explicit attitude 
C)  implicit association test 
D)  Rorschach inkblot test 
A)  his/her implicit attitude 
B)  his/her explicit attitude 
C)  implicit association test 
D)  Rorschach inkblot test

Question 11

Identify the true statement about role playing studies.

Accepted Answer

A)  It infers that humans are powerless machines. 
B)  It concludes that people remain unaffected by their surroundings and hardly change their behaviors to match to those around them. 
C)  It confirms that people remain the same throughout the study without undergoing any minor or major transformation in their behavior. 
D)  It highlights how an artificial role can subtly morph into what is real. 
A)  It infers that humans are powerless machines. 
B)  It concludes that people remain unaffected by their surroundings and hardly change their behaviors to match to those around them. 
C)  It confirms that people remain the same throughout the study without undergoing any minor or major transformation in their behavior. 
D)  It highlights how an artificial role can subtly morph into what is real.

Question 12

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky, while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory 
B)  self-consistency theory 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  self-perception theory 
A)  self-presentation theory 
B)  self-consistency theory 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  self-perception theory

Question 13

Which statement is NOT true according to attitude research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attitudes best predict behavior when they are formed by direct experience. 
B)  Attitudes best predict behavior when they are more accessible, more enduring, and more likely to guide actions. 
C)  Attitudes best predict behavior when they are specific to the behavior of the subjects. 
D)  Attitudes best predict behavior when social influences on the subjects are the highest. 
A)  Attitudes best predict behavior when they are formed by direct experience. 
B)  Attitudes best predict behavior when they are more accessible, more enduring, and more likely to guide actions. 
C)  Attitudes best predict behavior when they are specific to the behavior of the subjects. 
D)  Attitudes best predict behavior when social influences on the subjects are the highest.

Question 14

Choose an attitude of your own that has changed. Analyze the reasons for that change using the theories from this chapter.

Accepted Answer

One attitude of my own that has changed

Question 15

How do evil acts influence evil attitudes? Provide research examples to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Evil acts can influence evil attitudes i

Question 16

As a teenager, your parents always compelled you to clean your room. Now that you are living on your own, you feel no motivation to clean, as there are no parents around to nag you. This shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  only enough incentive is not effective in eliciting desired behaviors. 
B)  authoritarian management will be effective even when the authority is absent. 
C)  people are unlikely to internalize forced behavior. 
D)  behaviors follow attitudes for which we feel some responsibility. 
A)  only enough incentive is not effective in eliciting desired behaviors. 
B)  authoritarian management will be effective even when the authority is absent. 
C)  people are unlikely to internalize forced behavior. 
D)  behaviors follow attitudes for which we feel some responsibility.

Question 17

When asked if she likes her new neighbor, Alice says "I guess so. I say "hello" to her all the time and loaned her my favorite book the other day." Alice's feelings are best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception theory. 
B)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
C)  the insufficient justification effect. 
D)  the overjustification effect. 
A)  self-perception theory. 
B)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
C)  the insufficient justification effect. 
D)  the overjustification effect.

Question 18

People's attitude toward religion is a(n) _____ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong 
B)  average 
C)  poor 
D)  reliable 
A)  strong 
B)  average 
C)  poor 
D)  reliable

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of the dissonance theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It explains what happens when one acts contrary to one's clearly defined attitudes. 
B)  It is ideal in explaining attitude formation. 
C)  It predominantly explains changes that occur without dissonance. 
D)  It best explains the overjustification effect. 
A)  It explains what happens when one acts contrary to one's clearly defined attitudes. 
B)  It is ideal in explaining attitude formation. 
C)  It predominantly explains changes that occur without dissonance. 
D)  It best explains the overjustification effect.

Question 20

Compare and contrast self-perception and dissonance explanations in regards to the relationship between attitudes and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Self-perception and dissonance explanati

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim, especially voluntarily, leads one to

When external inducements are insufficient to justify our behavior, we reduce dissonance by justifying the behavior internally. Which of the following theories explains this insufficient justification effect?

In 1964, Leon Festinger observed that

Once we make a decision or choice, and feel some cognitive dissonance,

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint, people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions. Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Which of the following concerns regarding the interpretation of IAT (implicit association test) results is FALSE?

As a teenager, you enjoyed jogging. As a result, your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g., when you ran your first marathon). According to the self-perception theory, your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Drawing on the overjustification effect, if you want Harry to spend less time watching MTV and more time watching PBS you should

In the ABCs of attitudes, "C" stands for

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a republican presidential candidate?

Identify the true statement about role playing studies.

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky, while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

Which statement is NOT true according to attitude research?

Choose an attitude of your own that has changed. Analyze the reasons for that change using the theories from this chapter.

How do evil acts influence evil attitudes? Provide research examples to support your answer.

As a teenager, your parents always compelled you to clean your room. Now that you are living on your own, you feel no motivation to clean, as there are no parents around to nag you. This shows that

When asked if she likes her new neighbor, Alice says "I guess so. I say "hello" to her all the time and loaned her my favorite book the other day." Alice's feelings are best explained by

People's attitude toward religion is a(n) _____ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend.

Which of the following statements is true of the dissonance theory?

Compare and contrast self-perception and dissonance explanations in regards to the relationship between attitudes and behaviors.

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

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Exam 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim, especially voluntarily, leads one to

When external inducements are insufficient to justify our behavior, we reduce dissonance by justifying the behavior internally. Which of the following theories explains this insufficient justification effect?

In 1964, Leon Festinger observed that

Once we make a decision or choice, and feel some cognitive dissonance,

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint, people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions. Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Which of the following concerns regarding the interpretation of IAT (implicit association test) results is FALSE?

As a teenager, you enjoyed jogging. As a result, your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g., when you ran your first marathon). According to the self-perception theory, your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Drawing on the overjustification effect, if you want Harry to spend less time watching MTV and more time watching PBS you should

In the ABCs of attitudes, "C" stands for

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a republican presidential candidate?

Identify the true statement about role playing studies.

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky, while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

Which statement is NOT true according to attitude research?

Choose an attitude of your own that has changed. Analyze the reasons for that change using the theories from this chapter.

How do evil acts influence evil attitudes? Provide research examples to support your answer.

As a teenager, your parents always compelled you to clean your room. Now that you are living on your own, you feel no motivation to clean, as there are no parents around to nag you. This shows that

When asked if she likes her new neighbor, Alice says "I guess so. I say "hello" to her all the time and loaned her my favorite book the other day." Alice's feelings are best explained by

People's attitude toward religion is a(n) _____ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend.

Which of the following statements is true of the dissonance theory?

Compare and contrast self-perception and dissonance explanations in regards to the relationship between attitudes and behaviors.

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Filters