Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of retelling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retelling events accurately makes people less resistant to the misinformation effect. 
B)  Rehearsing answers before taking the witness stand decreases the confidence of those who are wrong. 
C)  Retelling events commits people to their recollections, accurate or not. 
D)  Retelling has no effect on memory. 
A)  Retelling events accurately makes people less resistant to the misinformation effect. 
B)  Rehearsing answers before taking the witness stand decreases the confidence of those who are wrong. 
C)  Retelling events commits people to their recollections, accurate or not. 
D)  Retelling has no effect on memory.

Question 2

Jury researcher Michael Saks (1998) reported that

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller juries more accurately recall trial testimony. 
B)  larger juries more accurately recall trial testimony. 
C)  smaller juries give more time to deliberations. 
D)  larger juries seldom contain members of minority groups. 
A)  smaller juries more accurately recall trial testimony. 
B)  larger juries more accurately recall trial testimony. 
C)  smaller juries give more time to deliberations. 
D)  larger juries seldom contain members of minority groups.

Question 3

A police interrogator questioning an eyewitness to a robbery hopes to learn whether the assailant was wearing a bright green hat similar to one seen in another robbery. According to research, which of the following questions will elicit the most detailed,
Undistorted recall from the eyewitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Did you see whether the robber was wearing a hat?" 
B)  "Can you describe the hat the robber was wearing?" 
C)  "What color was the robber's hat?" 
D)  "How was the robber dressed?" 
A)  "Did you see whether the robber was wearing a hat?" 
B)  "Can you describe the hat the robber was wearing?" 
C)  "What color was the robber's hat?" 
D)  "How was the robber dressed?"

Question 4

Studies have identified the post-identification feedback effect, and suggest that in order to avoid it,

Accepted Answer

A)  witnesses should look for confirmation from interrogators. 
B)  witnesses should not be permitted to communicate with the interrogators. 
C)  interrogators should confirm which person is the suspect. 
D)  interrogators should be kept ignorant of who is the suspect. 
A)  witnesses should look for confirmation from interrogators. 
B)  witnesses should not be permitted to communicate with the interrogators. 
C)  interrogators should confirm which person is the suspect. 
D)  interrogators should be kept ignorant of who is the suspect.

Question 5

Why is it important that interrogators be blind to which person in a lineup is the actual suspect of the crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  to avoid problems with change blindness 
B)  to avoid the post-identification feedback effect 
C)  to reduce group polarization 
D)  to avoid imagination inflation 
A)  to avoid problems with change blindness 
B)  to avoid the post-identification feedback effect 
C)  to reduce group polarization 
D)  to avoid imagination inflation

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of death penalty and homicide rates?

Accepted Answer

A)  States with the death penalty have lower homicide rates. 
B)  States with the death penalty do not have lower homicide rates. 
C)  Homicide rates increase when states abolish the death penalty. 
D)  Homicide rates drop when states initiate the death penalty. 
A)  States with the death penalty have lower homicide rates. 
B)  States with the death penalty do not have lower homicide rates. 
C)  Homicide rates increase when states abolish the death penalty. 
D)  Homicide rates drop when states initiate the death penalty.

Question 7

Which of the following strategies can be used for reducing misidentifications in police lineups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Give eyewitnesses a "blank" lineup that contains no suspects and screen out those who make false identifications. 
B)  Minimize false identifications with instructions that acknowledge that the offender may not be in the lineup. 
C)  Use a sequential lineup where eyewitnesses can compare each person with their memory of the culprit and make an absolute decision. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Give eyewitnesses a "blank" lineup that contains no suspects and screen out those who make false identifications. 
B)  Minimize false identifications with instructions that acknowledge that the offender may not be in the lineup. 
C)  Use a sequential lineup where eyewitnesses can compare each person with their memory of the culprit and make an absolute decision. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 8

The majority of judges express _______ in the ability of mock jury studies to predict the actual behavior of jurors.

Accepted Answer

A)  extreme confidence 
B)  moderate confidence 
C)  moderate doubt 
D)  serious doubt 
A)  extreme confidence 
B)  moderate confidence 
C)  moderate doubt 
D)  serious doubt

Question 9

How can lineup procedures be changed to improve their accuracy?

Accepted Answer

There are several ways that lineup proce

Question 10

After hours of interrogation by police officers, John, who was innocent of the crime, confessed to stealing from the grocery store. This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  compliant confession. 
B)  internalized confession. 
C)  misinformation confession. 
D)  enhanced confession. 
A)  compliant confession. 
B)  internalized confession. 
C)  misinformation confession. 
D)  enhanced confession.

Question 11

An attorney will be defending James S., who is accused of raping a 22-year-old woman. Who among the following jurors is likely to be least sympathetic to his client's case?

Accepted Answer

A)  John, a 40-year-old plumber who once served a sentence for burglary 
B)  Todd, a 22-year-old college student who is a political liberal 
C)  Wilma, a 42-year-old mother of two who tends to be authoritarian 
D)  Rita, a 32-year-old television executive who opposes the death penalty 
A)  John, a 40-year-old plumber who once served a sentence for burglary 
B)  Todd, a 22-year-old college student who is a political liberal 
C)  Wilma, a 42-year-old mother of two who tends to be authoritarian 
D)  Rita, a 32-year-old television executive who opposes the death penalty

Question 12

Sunstein, Schkade, and Ellman (2004) found evidence that group polarization tendencies were exhibited in all the following areas EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  disability discrimination. 
B)  affirmative action. 
C)  review of environmental regulations. 
D)  capital punishment. 
A)  disability discrimination. 
B)  affirmative action. 
C)  review of environmental regulations. 
D)  capital punishment.

Question 13

Arthur is asked to visualize childhood events such as having the school nurse give him a vaccination. Afterwards, Arthur is convinced that the visualized event actually occurred. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness. 
B)  blindsight. 
C)  the post-identification feedback effect. 
D)  imagination inflation. 
A)  change blindness. 
B)  blindsight. 
C)  the post-identification feedback effect. 
D)  imagination inflation.

Question 14

Who is most likely to make an accurate identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Andy who is shown an array of mug shots and asked to stop, think, and analytically compare their faces 
B)  Phil who makes his identification in less than 10 seconds 
C)  Ken who spends 5 minutes looking through mug shots before making his identification 
D)  Vinny who is asked to identify someone of a different race 
A)  Andy who is shown an array of mug shots and asked to stop, think, and analytically compare their faces 
B)  Phil who makes his identification in less than 10 seconds 
C)  Ken who spends 5 minutes looking through mug shots before making his identification 
D)  Vinny who is asked to identify someone of a different race

Question 15

Blair and her colleagues (2004) reported that over a two-decade period, Black males convicted of murdering a White defendant were doubly likely to be sentenced to death if

Accepted Answer

A)  the murder was violent. 
B)  the jurors were inexperienced. 
C)  the jurors were older. 
D)  they had more stereotypically Afrocentric features. 
A)  the murder was violent. 
B)  the jurors were inexperienced. 
C)  the jurors were older. 
D)  they had more stereotypically Afrocentric features.

Question 16

Support for capital punishment in the United States has _______ since 1994.

Accepted Answer

A)  fallen 
B)  increased slightly 
C)  remained stable 
D)  increased significantly 
A)  fallen 
B)  increased slightly 
C)  remained stable 
D)  increased significantly

Question 17

Which one of the following is an indicator that can suggest accuracy in lineup identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  being an older eyewitness 
B)  taking a long time to make an identification 
C)  being very confident about an identification 
D)  making a very quick identification 
A)  being an older eyewitness 
B)  taking a long time to make an identification 
C)  being very confident about an identification 
D)  making a very quick identification

Question 18

Which of the following is true of simulated juries?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can help us formulate theories that we can then use to interpret the more complex world. 
B)  They are virtually identical to real juries. 
C)  They have been viewed by the majority of Supreme Court judges as valuable in predicting the behavior of actual juries. 
D)  They are impractical and expensive. 
A)  They can help us formulate theories that we can then use to interpret the more complex world. 
B)  They are virtually identical to real juries. 
C)  They have been viewed by the majority of Supreme Court judges as valuable in predicting the behavior of actual juries. 
D)  They are impractical and expensive.

Question 19

Research experiments by Wells and others (1979) show that incorrect eyewitnesses are believed _____ of the time.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 percent 
B)  20 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  80 percent 
A)  5 percent 
B)  20 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  80 percent

Question 20

Jurors have difficulty "erasing" the impact of inadmissible evidence

Accepted Answer

A)  when it is a criminal trial as opposed to a civil trial. 
B)  when the inadmissible evidence is presented by the defense as opposed to the prosecution. 
C)  especially when the inadmissible evidence has an emotional impact. 
D)  when a witness, as opposed to a trial lawyer, blurts out the inadmissible evidence. 
A)  when it is a criminal trial as opposed to a civil trial. 
B)  when the inadmissible evidence is presented by the defense as opposed to the prosecution. 
C)  especially when the inadmissible evidence has an emotional impact. 
D)  when a witness, as opposed to a trial lawyer, blurts out the inadmissible evidence.

Which of the following statements is true of retelling?

Jury researcher Michael Saks (1998) reported that

A police interrogator questioning an eyewitness to a robbery hopes to learn whether the assailant was wearing a bright green hat similar to one seen in another robbery. According to research, which of the following questions will elicit the most detailed, Undistorted recall from the eyewitness?

Studies have identified the post-identification feedback effect, and suggest that in order to avoid it,

Why is it important that interrogators be blind to which person in a lineup is the actual suspect of the crime?

Which of the following statements is true of death penalty and homicide rates?

Which of the following strategies can be used for reducing misidentifications in police lineups?

The majority of judges express _______ in the ability of mock jury studies to predict the actual behavior of jurors.

How can lineup procedures be changed to improve their accuracy?

After hours of interrogation by police officers, John, who was innocent of the crime, confessed to stealing from the grocery store. This is an example of a(n)

An attorney will be defending James S., who is accused of raping a 22-year-old woman. Who among the following jurors is likely to be least sympathetic to his client's case?

Sunstein, Schkade, and Ellman (2004) found evidence that group polarization tendencies were exhibited in all the following areas EXCEPT

Arthur is asked to visualize childhood events such as having the school nurse give him a vaccination. Afterwards, Arthur is convinced that the visualized event actually occurred. This is an example of

Who is most likely to make an accurate identification?

Blair and her colleagues (2004) reported that over a two-decade period, Black males convicted of murdering a White defendant were doubly likely to be sentenced to death if

Support for capital punishment in the United States has _______ since 1994.

Which one of the following is an indicator that can suggest accuracy in lineup identification?

Which of the following is true of simulated juries?

Research experiments by Wells and others (1979) show that incorrect eyewitnesses are believed _____ of the time.

Jurors have difficulty "erasing" the impact of inadmissible evidence

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Exam 15: Psychological Disorders

Which of the following statements is true of retelling?

Jury researcher Michael Saks (1998) reported that

A police interrogator questioning an eyewitness to a robbery hopes to learn whether the assailant was wearing a bright green hat similar to one seen in another robbery. According to research, which of the following questions will elicit the most detailed, Undistorted recall from the eyewitness?

Studies have identified the post-identification feedback effect, and suggest that in order to avoid it,

Why is it important that interrogators be blind to which person in a lineup is the actual suspect of the crime?

Which of the following statements is true of death penalty and homicide rates?

Which of the following strategies can be used for reducing misidentifications in police lineups?

The majority of judges express _______ in the ability of mock jury studies to predict the actual behavior of jurors.

How can lineup procedures be changed to improve their accuracy?

After hours of interrogation by police officers, John, who was innocent of the crime, confessed to stealing from the grocery store. This is an example of a(n)

An attorney will be defending James S., who is accused of raping a 22-year-old woman. Who among the following jurors is likely to be least sympathetic to his client's case?

Sunstein, Schkade, and Ellman (2004) found evidence that group polarization tendencies were exhibited in all the following areas EXCEPT

Arthur is asked to visualize childhood events such as having the school nurse give him a vaccination. Afterwards, Arthur is convinced that the visualized event actually occurred. This is an example of

Who is most likely to make an accurate identification?

Blair and her colleagues (2004) reported that over a two-decade period, Black males convicted of murdering a White defendant were doubly likely to be sentenced to death if

Support for capital punishment in the United States has _______ since 1994.

Which one of the following is an indicator that can suggest accuracy in lineup identification?

Which of the following is true of simulated juries?

Research experiments by Wells and others (1979) show that incorrect eyewitnesses are believed _____ of the time.

Jurors have difficulty "erasing" the impact of inadmissible evidence

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Mind

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Developing Through the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Language

Intelligence

What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement

Emotions, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Therapy

Filters