Question 1

When blood osmolality increases,___________ is released by the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidney to increase water retention.

Accepted Answer

A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) renin 
C) angiotensin II 
D) insulin 
A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) renin 
C) angiotensin II 
D) insulin

Question 2

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy to move

Accepted Answer

A) potassium ions out of the cell. 
B) sodium ions out of the cell. 
C) water out of the cell. 
D) water into the cell. 
A) potassium ions out of the cell. 
B) sodium ions out of the cell. 
C) water out of the cell. 
D) water into the cell.

Question 3

What will be the effect of an increase of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoblast activity will increase,resulting in an increase in blood calcium. 
B) Osteoclast activity will increase,resulting in an increase in blood calcium. 
C) Osteoblast activity will increase,resulting in a decrease in blood calcium. 
D) Osteoclast activity will increase,resulting in a decrease in blood calcium. 
A) Osteoblast activity will increase,resulting in an increase in blood calcium. 
B) Osteoclast activity will increase,resulting in an increase in blood calcium. 
C) Osteoblast activity will increase,resulting in a decrease in blood calcium. 
D) Osteoclast activity will increase,resulting in a decrease in blood calcium.

Question 4

About 73% of lean muscle tissue is

Accepted Answer

A) protein. 
B) water. 
C) calcium. 
D) sodium. 
A) protein. 
B) water. 
C) calcium. 
D) sodium.

Question 5

Magnesium deficiency is most often caused by

Accepted Answer

A) excessive intakes of sodium and potassium. 
B) low dietary intake of magnesium. 
C) GI disorders that cause prolonged diarrhea or vomiting. 
D) osteopenia or osteoporosis. 
A) excessive intakes of sodium and potassium. 
B) low dietary intake of magnesium. 
C) GI disorders that cause prolonged diarrhea or vomiting. 
D) osteopenia or osteoporosis.

Question 6

Which of the following about water is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Each water molecule forms a maximum of 2 hydrogen bonds. 
B) Water is incompressible,so it functions well as a lubricant. 
C) Water is formed in the body when protein,carbohydrate,and fat are oxidized. 
D) Water in the body helps resist body temperature change. 
A) Each water molecule forms a maximum of 2 hydrogen bonds. 
B) Water is incompressible,so it functions well as a lubricant. 
C) Water is formed in the body when protein,carbohydrate,and fat are oxidized. 
D) Water in the body helps resist body temperature change.

Question 7

The AI recommendation for total water intake is

Accepted Answer

A) 1 liter per kcal expended. 
B) 12.4 liters per day. 
C) 8 cups per day. 
D) 15 cups for adult males and 11 cups for adult females. 
A) 1 liter per kcal expended. 
B) 12.4 liters per day. 
C) 8 cups per day. 
D) 15 cups for adult males and 11 cups for adult females.

Question 8

Which of the following blood pressures is considered prehypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) 130 mm Hg over 85 mm Hg 
B) 118 mm Hg over 82 mg Hg 
C) 142 mm Hg over 95 mm Hg 
D) 145 mm Hg over 105 mm Hg 
A) 130 mm Hg over 85 mm Hg 
B) 118 mm Hg over 82 mg Hg 
C) 142 mm Hg over 95 mm Hg 
D) 145 mm Hg over 105 mm Hg

Question 9

A positively charged ion located in the intracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) phosphate. 
D) chloride. 
A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) phosphate. 
D) chloride.

Question 10

Assuming that milk is the only source of dietary calcium,how much milk must an adolescent drink every day to meet the RDA for calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 cups 
B) 3 cups 
C) 4 cups 
D) 5 cups 
A) 2 cups 
B) 3 cups 
C) 4 cups 
D) 5 cups

Question 11

An ample intake of potassium-rich foods may help protect against

Accepted Answer

A) hypertension. 
B) osteoporosis. 
C) gastric ulcers. 
D) diabetes. 
A) hypertension. 
B) osteoporosis. 
C) gastric ulcers. 
D) diabetes.

Question 12

________ replacement after menopause greatly reduces bone loss in women.

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium 
B) Calcitriol 
C) Estrogen 
D) Calcitonin 
A) Calcium 
B) Calcitriol 
C) Estrogen 
D) Calcitonin

Question 13

As dehydration progresses and blood volume decreases,blood pressure will ______ and heart rate will _______.

Accepted Answer

A) increase; increase 
B) remain the same; decrease 
C) decrease; decrease 
D) decrease; increase 
A) increase; increase 
B) remain the same; decrease 
C) decrease; decrease 
D) decrease; increase

Question 14

Measuring blood calcium levels is not an accurate indicator of total body calcium because

Accepted Answer

A) calcium in the blood reflects only the most recent dietary intake of calcium. 
B) there are no reliable tests for measuring blood calcium. 
C) blood calcium levels vary according to the intake of other positive ions (e.g.,sodium,potassium,and magnesium). 
D) blood calcium levels are strictly controlled by hormones and do not reflect total body stores. 
A) calcium in the blood reflects only the most recent dietary intake of calcium. 
B) there are no reliable tests for measuring blood calcium. 
C) blood calcium levels vary according to the intake of other positive ions (e.g.,sodium,potassium,and magnesium). 
D) blood calcium levels are strictly controlled by hormones and do not reflect total body stores.

Question 15

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) is a pituitary hormone that decreases water excretion. 
B) is minerals deposited into bone that give strength and rigidity. 
C) is an adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney. 
D) is a protein-calcium complex that influences enzyme activity in cells. 
E) is an enzyme in kidneys formed in response to low blood pressure. 
A) is a pituitary hormone that decreases water excretion. 
B) is minerals deposited into bone that give strength and rigidity. 
C) is an adrenal hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney. 
D) is a protein-calcium complex that influences enzyme activity in cells. 
E) is an enzyme in kidneys formed in response to low blood pressure.

Question 16

Most of our dietary chloride comes from

Accepted Answer

A) fresh fruits. 
B) vegetables. 
C) meat. 
D) seed oils. 
E) table salt. 
A) fresh fruits. 
B) vegetables. 
C) meat. 
D) seed oils. 
E) table salt.

Question 17

Urea is a major body waste from

Accepted Answer

A) the catabolism of amino acids. 
B) the action of the sodium-potassium pump. 
C) intracellular fluid. 
D) the excretion of minerals by the kidney. 
A) the catabolism of amino acids. 
B) the action of the sodium-potassium pump. 
C) intracellular fluid. 
D) the excretion of minerals by the kidney.

Question 18

Chloride is

Accepted Answer

A) the main anion in extracellular fluid. 
B) an intracellular fluid ion. 
C) a positively charged ion. 
D) converted to chlorine in the intestinal tract. 
A) the main anion in extracellular fluid. 
B) an intracellular fluid ion. 
C) a positively charged ion. 
D) converted to chlorine in the intestinal tract.

Question 19

Bone health is easily determined by a measurement of blood calcium level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The very dense outer surface of bone is called

Accepted Answer

A) osteoclastic bone. 
B) osteoblastic bone. 
C) trabecular bone. 
D) cortical bone. 
A) osteoclastic bone. 
B) osteoblastic bone. 
C) trabecular bone. 
D) cortical bone.

When blood osmolality increases,___________ is released by the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidney to increase water retention.

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy to move

What will be the effect of an increase of calcitonin?

About 73% of lean muscle tissue is

Magnesium deficiency is most often caused by

Which of the following about water is NOT true?

The AI recommendation for total water intake is

Which of the following blood pressures is considered prehypertension?

A positively charged ion located in the intracellular fluid is

Assuming that milk is the only source of dietary calcium,how much milk must an adolescent drink every day to meet the RDA for calcium?

An ample intake of potassium-rich foods may help protect against

________ replacement after menopause greatly reduces bone loss in women.

As dehydration progresses and blood volume decreases,blood pressure will and heart rate will _.

Measuring blood calcium levels is not an accurate indicator of total body calcium because

Aldosterone

Most of our dietary chloride comes from

Urea is a major body waste from

Chloride is

Bone health is easily determined by a measurement of blood calcium level.

The very dense outer surface of bone is called

The Science of Nutrition

Tools of a Healthy Diet

The Food Supply

Human Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Alcohol

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance, weight Control, and Eating Disorders

Nutrition, exercise and Sports

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

Trace Minerals

Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Nutrition During the Growing Years

Nutrition During the Adult Years

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Exam 14: Water and Major Minerals

When blood osmolality increases,___________ is released by the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidney to increase water retention.

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy to move

What will be the effect of an increase of calcitonin?

About 73% of lean muscle tissue is

Magnesium deficiency is most often caused by

Which of the following about water is NOT true?

The AI recommendation for total water intake is

Which of the following blood pressures is considered prehypertension?

A positively charged ion located in the intracellular fluid is

Assuming that milk is the only source of dietary calcium,how much milk must an adolescent drink every day to meet the RDA for calcium?

An ample intake of potassium-rich foods may help protect against

________ replacement after menopause greatly reduces bone loss in women.

As dehydration progresses and blood volume decreases,blood pressure will ______ and heart rate will _______.

Measuring blood calcium levels is not an accurate indicator of total body calcium because

Aldosterone

Most of our dietary chloride comes from

Urea is a major body waste from

Chloride is

Bone health is easily determined by a measurement of blood calcium level.

The very dense outer surface of bone is called

The Science of Nutrition

Tools of a Healthy Diet

The Food Supply

Human Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Alcohol

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance, weight Control, and Eating Disorders

Nutrition, exercise and Sports

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

Trace Minerals

Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Nutrition During the Growing Years

Nutrition During the Adult Years

Filters

As dehydration progresses and blood volume decreases,blood pressure will and heart rate will _.