Question 1

Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in

Accepted Answer

A) increased urine output. 
B) decreased urine output. 
C) no change in urine output. 
D) decreased water loss from the lungs. 
A) increased urine output. 
B) decreased urine output. 
C) no change in urine output. 
D) decreased water loss from the lungs. B

Question 2

Table salt is _____ sodium.

Accepted Answer

A) 20% 
B) 30% 
C) 40% 
D) 60% 
A) 20% 
B) 30% 
C) 40% 
D) 60% C

Question 3

Parathyroid hormone elevates blood calcium levels by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the synthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D 
B) reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. 
C) increasing bone resorption by osteoclast activity. 
D) All of the choices are accurate. 
A) increasing the synthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D 
B) reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. 
C) increasing bone resorption by osteoclast activity. 
D) All of the choices are accurate. D

Question 4

One teaspoon of salt contains about ________ of sodium.

Accepted Answer

A) 3400 mg 
B) 1000 mg 
C) 2300 mg 
D) 6000 mg 
A) 3400 mg 
B) 1000 mg 
C) 2300 mg 
D) 6000 mg

Question 5

Renin,released from the kidney as a result of a decrease in blood pressure,acts on ________ produced in the liver.This triggers a series of reactions that culminate in the production of _______ in the adrenal glands.

Accepted Answer

A) angiotensin II; renin 
B) aldosterone; angiotensin 
C) angiotensinogen; aldosterone 
D) antidiuretic hormone; osmosis 
A) angiotensin II; renin 
B) aldosterone; angiotensin 
C) angiotensinogen; aldosterone 
D) antidiuretic hormone; osmosis

Question 6

Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) tears 
B) gastrointestinal fluid 
C) blood plasma 
D) lymph 
E) All of these choices are accurate. 
A) tears 
B) gastrointestinal fluid 
C) blood plasma 
D) lymph 
E) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 7

Minerals most involved in fluid balance are

Accepted Answer

A) calcium and magnesium. 
B) copper and iron. 
C) calcium and phosphorus. 
D) sodium and potassium. 
A) calcium and magnesium. 
B) copper and iron. 
C) calcium and phosphorus. 
D) sodium and potassium.

Question 8

The organs that are most likely to be damaged because of hypertension are the

Accepted Answer

A) liver,pancreas,gastrointestinal tract,and lungs. 
B) heart,brain,kidney,and eye. 
C) liver,heart,pancreas,and kidney. 
D) brain,eye,heart,lungs. 
A) liver,pancreas,gastrointestinal tract,and lungs. 
B) heart,brain,kidney,and eye. 
C) liver,heart,pancreas,and kidney. 
D) brain,eye,heart,lungs.

Question 9

High amounts of _____,especially from supplements,can cause diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

A) magnesium 
B) sodium 
C) calcium 
D) potassium 
A) magnesium 
B) sodium 
C) calcium 
D) potassium

Question 10

In the U.S.,dietary intakes of the major minerals ______ and _______ often fall short of recommendations.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium; phosphorus 
B) calcium; phosphorus 
C) sodium; potassium 
D) potassium; calcium 
A) sodium; phosphorus 
B) calcium; phosphorus 
C) sodium; potassium 
D) potassium; calcium

Question 11

Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed.Oxalic acid is found in

Accepted Answer

A) some leafy,green vegetables,such as spinach. 
B) milk and dairy products. 
C) cereal grain fibers. 
D) liver and other organ meats. 
A) some leafy,green vegetables,such as spinach. 
B) milk and dairy products. 
C) cereal grain fibers. 
D) liver and other organ meats.

Question 12

If deficient,which of the following minerals would have the least affect on bone health?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphorus 
B) Calcium 
C) Magnesium 
D) Chloride 
A) Phosphorus 
B) Calcium 
C) Magnesium 
D) Chloride

Question 13

A person cannot drink too much water; the kidneys and sweat glands make water excretion quick and efficient,protecting the body from overhydration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What will be the effect of an increase of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoblast activity increases,resulting in an increase in blood calcium. 
B) Osteoclast activity increases,resulting in an increase in blood calcium. 
C) Osteoblast activity increases,resulting in a decrease in blood calcium. 
D) Osteoclast activity increases,resulting in a decrease in blood calcium. 
A) Osteoblast activity increases,resulting in an increase in blood calcium. 
B) Osteoclast activity increases,resulting in an increase in blood calcium. 
C) Osteoblast activity increases,resulting in a decrease in blood calcium. 
D) Osteoclast activity increases,resulting in a decrease in blood calcium.

Question 15

The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorus. 
B) iron. 
C) calcium. 
D) sodium. 
A) phosphorus. 
B) iron. 
C) calcium. 
D) sodium.

Question 16

Who should be concerned about dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A) The child who is ill with fever or diarrhea 
B) The athlete participating in a vigorous sport 
C) The traveler on a long airplane flight 
D) The elderly man hospitalized for a broken hip 
E) All of these choices are accurate. 
A) The child who is ill with fever or diarrhea 
B) The athlete participating in a vigorous sport 
C) The traveler on a long airplane flight 
D) The elderly man hospitalized for a broken hip 
E) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 17

The RDA for adults for phosphorus is

Accepted Answer

A) the same as calcium. 
B) twice the amount of calcium. 
C) 700 mg/d. 
D) 200 mg/d. 
A) the same as calcium. 
B) twice the amount of calcium. 
C) 700 mg/d. 
D) 200 mg/d.

Question 18

The bones most likely to be affected by the disease osteoporosis include the

Accepted Answer

A) ankle,shoulder,and neck. 
B) hip,thigh,and ankle. 
C) hip,wrist,and vertebrae in the spine. 
D) wrist,forearm,and neck. 
E) All of these are correct as all bones are affected equally by osteoporosis. 
A) ankle,shoulder,and neck. 
B) hip,thigh,and ankle. 
C) hip,wrist,and vertebrae in the spine. 
D) wrist,forearm,and neck. 
E) All of these are correct as all bones are affected equally by osteoporosis.

Question 19

Compared to dry environments,evaporation of sweat is ________ in humid environments,resulting in _______ body cooling.

Accepted Answer

A) reduced; more 
B) reduced; less 
C) increased; more 
D) increased; less 
A) reduced; more 
B) reduced; less 
C) increased; more 
D) increased; less

Question 20

Over half of the body's magnesium is found in the

Accepted Answer

A) heart. 
B) liver. 
C) bones. 
D) brain. 
A) heart. 
B) liver. 
C) bones. 
D) brain.

Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in

Table salt is _____ sodium.

Parathyroid hormone elevates blood calcium levels by

One teaspoon of salt contains about ________ of sodium.

Renin,released from the kidney as a result of a decrease in blood pressure,acts on __ produced in the liver.This triggers a series of reactions that culminate in the production of _ in the adrenal glands.

Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid?

Minerals most involved in fluid balance are

The organs that are most likely to be damaged because of hypertension are the

High amounts of _____,especially from supplements,can cause diarrhea.

In the U.S.,dietary intakes of the major minerals and _ often fall short of recommendations.

Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed.Oxalic acid is found in

If deficient,which of the following minerals would have the least affect on bone health?

A person cannot drink too much water; the kidneys and sweat glands make water excretion quick and efficient,protecting the body from overhydration.

What will be the effect of an increase of parathyroid hormone?

The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is

Who should be concerned about dehydration?

The RDA for adults for phosphorus is

The bones most likely to be affected by the disease osteoporosis include the

Compared to dry environments,evaporation of sweat is __ in humid environments,resulting in _ body cooling.

Over half of the body's magnesium is found in the

The Science of Nutrition

Tools of a Healthy Diet

The Food Supply

Human Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Alcohol

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance, weight Control, and Eating Disorders

Nutrition, exercise and Sports

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

Trace Minerals

Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Nutrition During the Growing Years

Nutrition During the Adult Years

Filters

Exam 14: Water and Major Minerals

Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in

Table salt is _____ sodium.

Parathyroid hormone elevates blood calcium levels by

One teaspoon of salt contains about ________ of sodium.

Renin,released from the kidney as a result of a decrease in blood pressure,acts on ________ produced in the liver.This triggers a series of reactions that culminate in the production of _______ in the adrenal glands.

Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid?

Minerals most involved in fluid balance are

The organs that are most likely to be damaged because of hypertension are the

High amounts of _____,especially from supplements,can cause diarrhea.

In the U.S.,dietary intakes of the major minerals ______ and _______ often fall short of recommendations.

Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed.Oxalic acid is found in

If deficient,which of the following minerals would have the least affect on bone health?

A person cannot drink too much water; the kidneys and sweat glands make water excretion quick and efficient,protecting the body from overhydration.

What will be the effect of an increase of parathyroid hormone?

The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is

Who should be concerned about dehydration?

The RDA for adults for phosphorus is

The bones most likely to be affected by the disease osteoporosis include the

Compared to dry environments,evaporation of sweat is ________ in humid environments,resulting in _______ body cooling.

Over half of the body's magnesium is found in the

The Science of Nutrition

Tools of a Healthy Diet

The Food Supply

Human Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Alcohol

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance, weight Control, and Eating Disorders

Nutrition, exercise and Sports

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

Trace Minerals

Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Nutrition During the Growing Years

Nutrition During the Adult Years

Filters

Renin,released from the kidney as a result of a decrease in blood pressure,acts on __ produced in the liver.This triggers a series of reactions that culminate in the production of _ in the adrenal glands.

In the U.S.,dietary intakes of the major minerals and _ often fall short of recommendations.

Compared to dry environments,evaporation of sweat is __ in humid environments,resulting in _ body cooling.