Question 1

In a bacterial cell,the DNA is in the:

Accepted Answer

A) cell envelope. 
B) cell membrane. 
C) nucleoid. 
D) nucleus. 
E) ribosomes. 
A) cell envelope. 
B) cell membrane. 
C) nucleoid. 
D) nucleus. 
E) ribosomes.

Question 2

If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction,the reaction is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A) at equilibrium. 
B) endergonic. 
C) endothermic. 
D) exergonic. 
E) exothermic. 
A) at equilibrium. 
B) endergonic. 
C) endothermic. 
D) exergonic. 
E) exothermic.

Question 3

Name two functions of (a)proteins, (b)nucleic acids, (c)polysaccharides, (d)lipids.

Accepted Answer

Many answers are possible including: 
(a

Question 4

Provide a brief explanation for the observation that macromolecules diffuse at a slower rate in the cytosol than they do in dilute solution.

Accepted Answer

The cytosol is very crowded an

Question 5

Describe the "RNA world" hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Initially,RNA molecules were both genes

Question 6

What is the difference,if any,between cytosol and cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm is the internal

Question 7

The bacterium E.coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy-it is therefore a:

Accepted Answer

A) chemoautotroph. 
B) chemoheterotroph. 
C) lithotroph. 
D) photoautotroph. 
E) photoheterotroph. 
A) chemoautotroph. 
B) chemoheterotroph. 
C) lithotroph. 
D) photoautotroph. 
E) photoheterotroph.

Question 8

Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the activation energy. 
B) decreasing the amount of free energy released. 
C) increasing the activation energy. 
D) increasing the amount of free energy released. 
E) increasing the energy of the transition state. 
A) decreasing the activation energy. 
B) decreasing the amount of free energy released. 
C) increasing the activation energy. 
D) increasing the amount of free energy released. 
E) increasing the energy of the transition state.

Question 9

According to Oparin's theory for the origin of life,the prebiotic atmosphere:

Accepted Answer

A) already contained some primitive RNA molecules. 
B) basically was very similar to the atmosphere of today. 
C) contained many amino acids. 
D) had an abundance of methane,ammonia,and water. 
E) was rich in oxygen. 
A) already contained some primitive RNA molecules. 
B) basically was very similar to the atmosphere of today. 
C) contained many amino acids. 
D) had an abundance of methane,ammonia,and water. 
E) was rich in oxygen.

Question 10

A chemist working in a pharmaceutical lab synthesized a new drug as a racemic mixture.Why is it important that she separate the two enantiomers and test each for its biological activity?

Accepted Answer

Biomolecules such as receptors for drugs

Question 11

A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA. 
B) photosynthetic capability. 
C) plasma membranes. 
D) ribosomes. 
E) the nucleus. 
A) DNA. 
B) photosynthetic capability. 
C) plasma membranes. 
D) ribosomes. 
E) the nucleus.

Question 12

Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing size?

Accepted Answer

A) Amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome 
B) Amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion 
C) Amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion 
D) Protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome 
E) Protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid 
A) Amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome 
B) Amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion 
C) Amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion 
D) Protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome 
E) Protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid

Question 13

How is the genetic information encoded in DNA and how is a new copy of DNA synthesized?

Accepted Answer

The genetic information is encoded in th

Question 14

(a)What is optical activity?
(b)How did Louis Pasteur arrive at an explanation for the phenomenon of optical activity?

Accepted Answer

(a)Optical activity is the capacity of a

Question 15

Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are:

Accepted Answer

A) amphibolic. 
B) anabolic. 
C) autotrophic. 
D) catabolic. 
E) heterotrophic. 
A) amphibolic. 
B) anabolic. 
C) autotrophic. 
D) catabolic. 
E) heterotrophic.

Question 16

Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it.This is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) dynamic steady state. 
B) equilibrium state. 
C) exergonic change. 
D) free-energy change. 
E) waste of energy. 
A) dynamic steady state. 
B) equilibrium state. 
C) exergonic change. 
D) free-energy change. 
E) waste of energy.

Question 17

What is meant by endosymbiotic association? How can this concept explain the evolution of eukaryotic cells that are capable of carrying out photosynthesis and/or aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

An endosymbiotic association is the enve

Question 18

Hereditary transmission of genetic information can be viewed as a balance between stability and change.Explain.

Accepted Answer

Hereditary transmission of genetic infor

Question 19

Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses)is preserved in:

Accepted Answer

A) deoxyribonucleic acid. 
B) membrane structures. 
C) nuclei. 
D) polysaccharides. 
E) ribonucleic acid. 
A) deoxyribonucleic acid. 
B) membrane structures. 
C) nuclei. 
D) polysaccharides. 
E) ribonucleic acid.

Question 20

What is the underlying,organizing biochemical principle that results in the chemical similarity of virtually all living things? Given this biochemical similarity,how is the structural and functional diversity of living things possible?

Accepted Answer

Living things are composed primarily of

Exam 1: The Foundations of Biochemistry

In a bacterial cell,the DNA is in the:

If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction,the reaction is said to be:

Name two functions of (a)proteins, (b)nucleic acids, (c)polysaccharides, (d)lipids.

Provide a brief explanation for the observation that macromolecules diffuse at a slower rate in the cytosol than they do in dilute solution.

Describe the "RNA world" hypothesis.

What is the difference,if any,between cytosol and cytoplasm?

The bacterium E.coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy-it is therefore a:

Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:

According to Oparin's theory for the origin of life,the prebiotic atmosphere:

A chemist working in a pharmaceutical lab synthesized a new drug as a racemic mixture.Why is it important that she separate the two enantiomers and test each for its biological activity?

A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of:

Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing size?

How is the genetic information encoded in DNA and how is a new copy of DNA synthesized?

(a)What is optical activity? (b)How did Louis Pasteur arrive at an explanation for the phenomenon of optical activity?

Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are:

Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it.This is an example of a(n):

What is meant by endosymbiotic association? How can this concept explain the evolution of eukaryotic cells that are capable of carrying out photosynthesis and/or aerobic metabolism?

Hereditary transmission of genetic information can be viewed as a balance between stability and change.Explain.

Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses)is preserved in:

What is the underlying,organizing biochemical principle that results in the chemical similarity of virtually all living things? Given this biochemical similarity,how is the structural and functional diversity of living things possible?

Water

Amino Acids, peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna Technology

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Principles of Bioenergetics

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

Dna Metabolism

Rna Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

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