Question 1

Muscle contraction involves the conversion of:

Accepted Answer

A) chemical energy to kinetic energy. 
B) chemical energy to potential energy. 
C) kinetic energy to chemical energy. 
D) potential energy to chemical energy. 
E) potential energy to kinetic energy. 
A) chemical energy to kinetic energy. 
B) chemical energy to potential energy. 
C) kinetic energy to chemical energy. 
D) potential energy to chemical energy. 
E) potential energy to kinetic energy.

Question 2

All of the following contribute to the large,negative,free-energy change upon hydrolysis of "high-energy" compounds except:

Accepted Answer

A) electrostatic repulsion in the reactant. 
B) low activation energy of forward reaction. 
C) stabilization of products by extra resonance forms. 
D) stabilization of products by ionization. 
E) stabilization of products by solvation. 
A) electrostatic repulsion in the reactant. 
B) low activation energy of forward reaction. 
C) stabilization of products by extra resonance forms. 
D) stabilization of products by ionization. 
E) stabilization of products by solvation.

Question 3

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$  B,the Keq' is 104.If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and no B,which one of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A) At equilibrium,there will be far more B than A. 
B) The rate of the reaction is very slow. 
C) The reaction requires coupling to an exergonic reaction in order to proceed. 
D) The reaction will proceed toward B at a very high rate. 
E) ($\Delta$ G'° for the reaction will be large and positive.) 
A) At equilibrium,there will be far more B than A. 
B) The rate of the reaction is very slow. 
C) The reaction requires coupling to an exergonic reaction in order to proceed. 
D) The reaction will proceed toward B at a very high rate. 
E) ($\Delta$ G'° for the reaction will be large and positive.)

Question 4

The reaction A + B $\rightarrow$   C has a$\Delta$G'° of -20 kJ/mol at 25° C.Starting under standard conditions,one can predict that:

Accepted Answer

A) at equilibrium,the concentration of B will exceed the concentration of A. 
B) at equilibrium,the concentration of C will be less than the concentration of A. 
C) at equilibrium,the concentration of C will be much greater than the concentration of A or B. 
D) C will rapidly break down to A + B. 
E) when A and B are mixed,the reaction will proceed rapidly toward formation of C. 
A) at equilibrium,the concentration of B will exceed the concentration of A. 
B) at equilibrium,the concentration of C will be less than the concentration of A. 
C) at equilibrium,the concentration of C will be much greater than the concentration of A or B. 
D) C will rapidly break down to A + B. 
E) when A and B are mixed,the reaction will proceed rapidly toward formation of C.

Question 5

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$  B,the Keq' is 10-6.If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and 1 mmol of B,which one of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A) At equilibrium,there will be still be equal levels of A and B. 
B) The rate of the reaction is very slow. 
C) At equilibrium,the amount of A will greatly exceed the amount of B. 
D) The reaction will proceed toward B at a very high rate. 
E) ($\Delta$G'° for the reaction will be large and positive.) 
A) At equilibrium,there will be still be equal levels of A and B. 
B) The rate of the reaction is very slow. 
C) At equilibrium,the amount of A will greatly exceed the amount of B. 
D) The reaction will proceed toward B at a very high rate. 
E) ($\Delta$G'° for the reaction will be large and positive.)

Question 6

When a mixture of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate is incubated with the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase (which catalyzes the interconversion of these two compounds)until equilibrium is reached,the final mixture contains twice as much glucose 6-phosphate as fructose 6-phosphate.Which one of the following statements is best applied to this reaction outlined below? (R = 8.315 J/mol·K;T = 298 K)
Glucose 6-phosphate $\rightarrow$ fructose 6-phosphate

Accepted Answer

A) ($\Delta$G'° is incalculably large and negative.) 
B) ($\Delta$G'° is -1.72 kJ/mol.) 
C) ($\Delta$G'° is zero.) 
D) ($\Delta$G'° is +1.72 kJ/mol.) 
E) ($\Delta$G'° is incalculably large and positive.) 
A) ($\Delta$G'° is incalculably large and negative.) 
B) ($\Delta$G'° is -1.72 kJ/mol.) 
C) ($\Delta$G'° is zero.) 
D) ($\Delta$G'° is +1.72 kJ/mol.) 
E) ($\Delta$G'° is incalculably large and positive.)

Question 7

The hydrolysis of ATP has a large negative$\Delta$ G'°;nevertheless it is stable in solution due to:

Accepted Answer

A) entropy stabilization. 
B) ionization of the phosphates. 
C) resonance stabilization. 
D) the hydrolysis reaction being endergonic. 
E) the hydrolysis reaction having a large activation energy. 
A) entropy stabilization. 
B) ionization of the phosphates. 
C) resonance stabilization. 
D) the hydrolysis reaction being endergonic. 
E) the hydrolysis reaction having a large activation energy.

Question 8

Which of the following is not nucleophilic?

Accepted Answer

A) A proton 
B) A carbanion 
C) An imidazole 
D) A hydroxide 
E) A carboxylic acid 
A) A proton 
B) A carbanion 
C) An imidazole 
D) A hydroxide 
E) A carboxylic acid

Question 9

Explain the relationships among the change in the degree of order,the change in entropy,and the change in free energy that occur during a chemical reaction.

Accepted Answer

Entropy is a measure of disorder.Thus,if

Question 10

If the $\Delta$G'° of the reaction A$\rightarrow$ B is -40 kJ/mol,under standard conditions the reaction:

Accepted Answer

A) is at equilibrium. 
B) will never reach equilibrium. 
C) will not occur spontaneously. 
D) will proceed at a rapid rate. 
E) will proceed spontaneously from A to B. 
A) is at equilibrium. 
B) will never reach equilibrium. 
C) will not occur spontaneously. 
D) will proceed at a rapid rate. 
E) will proceed spontaneously from A to B.

Question 11

Explain what is meant by the statement: "Standard free-energy changes are additive." Give an example of the usefulness of this additive property in understanding how cells carry out thermodynamically unfavorable chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

When two chemical reactions can be summe

Question 12

Biological oxidation-reduction reactions always involve:

Accepted Answer

A) direct participation of oxygen. 
B) formation of water. 
C) mitochondria. 
D) transfer of electron(s). 
E) transfer of hydrogens. 
A) direct participation of oxygen. 
B) formation of water. 
C) mitochondria. 
D) transfer of electron(s). 
E) transfer of hydrogens.

Question 13

The standard free-energy changes for the reactions below are given.
Phosphocreatine $\rightarrow$  creatine + Pi $\Delta$G'° = -43.0 kJ/mol
ATP $\rightarrow$  ADP + Pi $\Delta$G'° = -30.5 kJ/mol
What is the overall$\Delta$G'° for the following reaction?
Phosphocreatine + ADP $\rightarrow$  creatine + ATP

Accepted Answer

A) -73.5 kJ/mol 
B) -12.5 kJ/mol 
C) +12.5 kJ/mol 
D) +73.5 kJ/mol 
E) ($\Delta$G'° cannot be calculated without Keq'.) 
A) -73.5 kJ/mol 
B) -12.5 kJ/mol 
C) +12.5 kJ/mol 
D) +73.5 kJ/mol 
E) ($\Delta$G'° cannot be calculated without Keq'.)

Muscle contraction involves the conversion of:

All of the following contribute to the large,negative,free-energy change upon hydrolysis of "high-energy" compounds except:

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B,the K_eq' is 10⁴.If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and no B,which one of the following must be true?

The reaction A + B $\rightarrow$ C has a $\Delta$ G'° of -20 kJ/mol at 25° C.Starting under standard conditions,one can predict that:

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B,the K_eq' is 10^-6.If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and 1 mmol of B,which one of the following must be true?

The hydrolysis of ATP has a large negative $\Delta$ G'°;nevertheless it is stable in solution due to:

Which of the following is not nucleophilic?

Explain the relationships among the change in the degree of order,the change in entropy,and the change in free energy that occur during a chemical reaction.

If the $\Delta$ G'° of the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B is -40 kJ/mol,under standard conditions the reaction:

Explain what is meant by the statement: "Standard free-energy changes are additive." Give an example of the usefulness of this additive property in understanding how cells carry out thermodynamically unfavorable chemical reactions.

Biological oxidation-reduction reactions always involve:

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna Technology

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

Dna Metabolism

Rna Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Exam 13: Principles of Bioenergetics

Muscle contraction involves the conversion of:

All of the following contribute to the large,negative,free-energy change upon hydrolysis of "high-energy" compounds except:

For the reaction A →\rightarrow→ B,the Keq' is 104.If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and no B,which one of the following must be true?

The reaction A + B →\rightarrow→ C has a Δ\DeltaΔ G'° of -20 kJ/mol at 25° C.Starting under standard conditions,one can predict that:

For the reaction A →\rightarrow→ B,the Keq' is 10-6.If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and 1 mmol of B,which one of the following must be true?

The hydrolysis of ATP has a large negative Δ\DeltaΔ G'°;nevertheless it is stable in solution due to:

Which of the following is not nucleophilic?

Explain the relationships among the change in the degree of order,the change in entropy,and the change in free energy that occur during a chemical reaction.

If the Δ\DeltaΔ G'° of the reaction A →\rightarrow→ B is -40 kJ/mol,under standard conditions the reaction:

Explain what is meant by the statement: "Standard free-energy changes are additive." Give an example of the usefulness of this additive property in understanding how cells carry out thermodynamically unfavorable chemical reactions.

Biological oxidation-reduction reactions always involve:

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna Technology

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

Dna Metabolism

Rna Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B,the K_eq' is 10⁴.If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and no B,which one of the following must be true?

The reaction A + B $\rightarrow$ C has a $\Delta$ G'° of -20 kJ/mol at 25° C.Starting under standard conditions,one can predict that:

For the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B,the K_eq' is 10^-6.If a reaction mixture originally contains 1 mmol of A and 1 mmol of B,which one of the following must be true?

The hydrolysis of ATP has a large negative $\Delta$ G'°;nevertheless it is stable in solution due to:

If the $\Delta$ G'° of the reaction A $\rightarrow$ B is -40 kJ/mol,under standard conditions the reaction: